Case Sharp Printing Essay

Three years ago the Sharp Printing (SP) strategic management group set a goal of having a color laser printer available for the consumer and small business market for less than $200. A few months later the senior management met off-site to discuss the new product. The results of this meeting were a set of general technical specifications along with major deliverables, a product launch date, and a cost estimate based on prior experience. Shortly afterward, a meeting was arranged for middle management explaining the project goals, major responsibilities, the project start date, and importance of meeting the product launch date within the cost estimate. Members of all departments involved attended the meeting. Excitement was high. Although everyone saw the risks as high, the promised rewards for the company and the personnel were emblazoned in their minds. A few participants questioned the legitimacy of the project duration and cost estimates. A couple of R&D people were worried about the technology required to produce the high-quality product for less than $200. But given the excitement of the moment, everyone agreed the project was worth doing and doable. The color laser printer project was to have the highest project priority in the company. Lauren was selected to be the project manager. She had 15 years of experience in printer design and manufacture, which included successful management of several projects related to printers for commercial markets. Since she was one of those uncomfortable with the project cost and time estimates, she felt getting good bottom-up time and cost estimates for the deliverables was her first concern. She quickly had a meeting with the significant stakeholders to create a WBS identifying the work packages and organizational unit responsible for implementing the work packages. Lauren stressed she wanted time and cost estimates from those who would do the work or were the most knowledgeable, if possible. Getting estimates from more than one source was encouraged. Estimates were due in two weeks. The compiled estimates were placed in the WBS/OBS. The corresponding cost estimate seemed to be in error. The cost estimate was $1,250,000 over the senior management estimate; this represents about a 20 percent overrun! The time estimate from the developed project network was only four months over the top management time estimate. Another meeting was scheduled with the significant stakeholders to check the estimates and to brainstorm for alternative solutions; the cost and time estimates appeared to be reasonable. Some of the suggestions for the brainstorming session are listed below.

An Epic Hero: Beowulf Essay

Beowulf is an epic from the Anglo-Saxon period about a hero who takes on extreme challenges. The main character, Beowulf, embodies the virtues of the Anglo-Saxon culture and beliefs. He also embodies the traits of the Anglo-Saxon society: strength, bravery, honor, and the want and need to help others around them. Beowulf is faithful to his word and shares any and all of his winnings and gifts that he has received. His being faithful to his oaths links him to the Anglo-Saxons. Beowulf makes an oath to kill Grendel and he does (page 37). After Grendel is killed, the people tell Beowulf of Grendel’s mother and he tells them he will have her dead as well and indeed he does (page 41). Anglo-Saxons are very generous when it comes to sharing their wealth. Hrothgar offers treasure and gold to Beowulf in exchange for the death of Grendel’s mother (page 39). Wiglaf speaks of how Beowulf gave him and the warriors gold and other gifts, so they in turn should help Beowulf defeat the dragon and defend their leader (page 47). In order for Beowulf to be like the Anglo-Saxons, he would have to have these characteristics and he did. Beowulf made allegiances between leaders, but relied on fate a lot which is exactly the trait of an Anglo-Saxon. His reliance on fate was a big rise for him, but when he faced the dragon fate was no longer on his side. Before the dragon, Beowulf believed that if he was given a task then fate would make it so. For example, he says, â€Å"†¦ death was my errand and the fate they had earned† (lns 158-159). At the end of Beowulf’s speech to the king, he exclaims, â€Å"Fate will unwind as it must! † (line 189) which shows how he relies on fate. The allegiances he made helped him look better by giving him more fame. After Beowulf’s speech to the king, Hrothgar replied, â€Å"No one strange to this land has ever been granted what I’ve given you, no one in all the years of my rule. Make this the best of all mead-halls yours, and then keep it free of evil, fight with glory in your heart! Purge Herot and your ship will sail home with its treasures full† (lns 385-391). With that, Hrothgar finally decides to allow Beowulf and his men to take down Grendel. Beowulf’s allegiances and beliefs embody the traits of the Anglo-Saxons. Love of fame, pride, and boastfulness are the downside to the Anglo-Saxon characteristics and Beowulf holds all three of these traits inside of himself. His pride and boastfulness is what intimidates others to keep them thinking that he is better than them and no one could beat him and Beowulf lets everybody know it. When Unferth challenges Beowulf, Beowulf replies boastfully on how there is nobody that swims in the sea like him and how nobody is as strong as he is (page 30). Beowulf later goes on to tell a tale of him and a friend, â€Å"He could never leave me behind, swim faster across the waves than I could, and I had chosen to remain close to his side† (lns 274-276). His love of fame and success is not uncommon among the Anglo-Saxon culture. Beowulf loves to hear his success stories, so he tells about how he â€Å"drove five great giants into chains† and â€Å"chased all of that race from the earth† (lns 153-155). These downside characteristics are the values of an Anglo-Saxon. Beowulf has inside of him all of the traits and characteristics of the Anglo-Saxon people. This epic hero is a perfect example of the Anglo-Saxon values. These traits, good and bad, are what make up Beowulf as well as the Anglo-Saxon society.

Central Teachings Essay Example for Free (#2)

Central Teachings Essay The central teachings of Islam are oneness of God and of humanity; prophethood and the compass of Islam; human relationship to the divine; belief in the unseen life; and belief in the Last Judgment (Fisher, 2005). Oneness of God and of humanity Islam teaches that there is only one God. This is why the first words spoken to a Muslim infant are the words of the Shahadah – â€Å"la ilaha ill-Allah Muhammad-un Rasulu-llah† (â€Å"There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God†). According to Muslims, God may be called by many names, but all the attributes assigned to those different names only make up the totality of the One God who created the universe. They contend that there must be absolute unity among all men of all races because they were all created by only one God and should therefore be brothers under the same God. Stretching this argument further, Islam maintains that no one race should be considered the chosen race, nor be considered superior than other races. Islam teaches that the individual should be one with God, therefore his or her thoughts and deeds should always be inspired by God. This oneness of God and of humanity was very emphatically expressed by Abu Hashim Madami, an Indian Sufi sage, when he said that â€Å"There is only one thing to be gained in life, and that is to remember God with each breath; and there is only one loss in life, and that is the breath drawn without the remembrance of God† (Fisher. 2005). Prophethood and the compass of Islam All the prophets from Abraham to Jesus Christ are honored, but they maintain that Muhammad was the last prophet sent by God with the final message. This means, therefore, that the Qur’an sums up all the messages from God so Islam should include all religions, including Christianity and Judaism which also trace their roots to Abraham (Fisher, 2005). Muslims believe that although God sent many messengers namely: â€Å"Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus and Muhammad,† the message He revealed to Muhammad was the final message intended for all of mankind (Robinson, 2007). Human relationship to the divine They believe that God created the universe for a specific purpose or purposes. To achieve His purpose/s, He set down particular laws to govern the actions of everybody. For this reason, Islam maintains that man could live in peace and prosperity only if he recognizes the laws which were set by God and faithfully abide by them. The set of laws of Islam is called the Sharia Law which has been derived from the Qur’an and the Sunna, which has been considered as the Islamic â€Å"custom or practice; particularly that associated with the exemplary life of the Prophet Muhammad, comprising his deeds and utterances as recorded in the hadith† (Robinson, 2007). Belief in the unseen life They accept the existence of the unseen life such as angels. Specifically, they believe in Gabriel, whom they have credited with bringing down the messages of God to humanity. Muhammad, for one, related that the revelations were sometimes brought to him by an angel in human form who would recite the Qur’anic passages to him. They likewise believe that Satan exists just as they believe that there are saints. Belief in the Last Judgment For them, the Last Judgment means that dead Muslims are allowed some rest before being raised from the grave for the final reckoning, after which the sinners and the unbelievers are sent to hell (Fisher. 2005). Those who lived their lives on earth believing in Allah and his prophets and messengers would enter paradise while â€Å"Agnostics, Atheists, Polytheists, and followers of non-Abrahamic religions† would be rejected. Entry into Paradise, according to Muslims, would likewise be denied to all those whose lives were dominated by â€Å"evil deeds† (Robinson, 2007). Central Teachings. (2017, May 29).

Nutritional assessment report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nutritional assessment report - Essay Example Two types of methods have been used to measure food intake: precise weighed food record and 24-hour recall methods. 25 persons have been selected as sample size for the analysis BMR and total energy expenditure have also been found out. For understanding the nature and interrelationship between the variables, statistical tools like descriptive statistics, correlation and regression methods have been used. . The regression results show that the interrelationship between energy intake and total energy expenditure is statistically significant and the weighed energy intake seems to have strong relationship with TEE while that of recall energy intake seems to be insignificant. The energy expenditure indicators of BMR and total energy expenditure has also got significant statistical relationship and the total energy expenditure seems to be highly dependent on the BMR. Comparisons with FAO estimates, it is seen that our sample population does not have required energy expenditure as suggeste d by FAO. The BMR of our sample population also seems to be lower than that of FAO estimates. Introduction Nutritional status or energy of any person is measured in terms calories and calorie is hence known as the currency of nutrition and energy (Prentice, 1997). Energy keeps any mammal warm and drives all the activities of life. Energy is derived from the process of ‘chemical combustion’ of food intake which requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water. Sufficient supply of food intake is needed for this process (Titchenal, 1988). The energy component of the food can be divided into chemical energy and metabolizable energy. Chemical energy of the food is the total energy which is liberated if it is combusted in oxygen. That is, its heat of combustion is normally the chemical energy and it can simply measured in a bomb calorimeter. The chemical energy is otherwise known as the gross energy (Durnin and Passmore, 1967; Cox 2005). The metabolic part of the total energy of the food is known as the megabolizable energy. Due to several reasons, a portion of the total energy of food intake would not be available for the body metabolism. The portion of the total energy which is digested and absorbed by the body is megabolizable energy or digestible energy. In the dietary and energy expenditure discussions, this metabolizable or digestible energy becomes relevant (Prentice, 1997; Gibney etal 2002; Lee and Nieman ,2003; Gibson ,2005). Objective and Methodology The present paper intends to make a strong understanding and conceptual discussion on the concepts energy, energy balance, energy requirements and energy expenditure. The interrelationship between food intake and food energy expenditure has also been analyzed in the paper. Hence, the main objectives of the paper are: 1) to integrate the understanding on the concepts like measures of intake, energy balance, requirements and expenditure 2) to give practical experience in methods of measurement s of food intake and expenditure 3) to examine the interrelationship between these variables. Methodology For achieving the above said objectives, a concrete and brief discussion has been done on the concepts like measures of food intake, energy balance and requirements and energy expenditure. Practical experiments have been done on the measurements of food intake and energy expenditure. Two types of methods have been used to measure food intake: precise weighed food record and

A Library Outside the Traditional Library System Article

A Library Outside the Traditional Library System - Article Example I was stuck in my research quest. I did not know what to do. My cousin had limited experience with the online library himself. We send a message through the system in the form of an inquiry to the librarian about how to proceed. The librarian answered in less than 48 hours. The tips I received from the librarian on how to find the information I was seeking were very useful. Remote access is the ability to enter or log into a network from a remote location (Webopedia, 2007). School should be providing this type of service to its student body. Remote access has plenty of applications for students enrolled at the k-12 level. Teachers can create laboratories in their classrooms is which all the students are able to log into a network to enjoy some type of educational experience. The teacher itself does not have to be present during the session since remote access allows teachers to monitor the system from an outside location. Student knowing that the teacher can monitor their computer activities; since every action get logged into the system will behave well and learn the value of responsibility and self-control. Remote access can also provide privileges to the k-12 students such as the ability to enter the school library or electronic resources to find information after school that can help them with their assignment from their homes. As a part of team responsible for managing a school library media system in the transition process of creating a website and electronic resources there would be plenty of things that had to be worked on, but the top priority would be on educating the faculty and teachers on the system. A school with technologies deficiencies in its library system has a great possibility of having these types of deficiencies thought the school. I would set up immediate mandatory seminars for the teachers to get them up to data on the National Educational Technology Standards.

Health and safety breaches,overtime and unpaid working hours on Apple Essay

Health and safety breaches,overtime and unpaid working hours on Apple factories in China - Essay Example In doing this, the company’s management has come under sharp criticisms following its poor management of its overseas companies thus facing widespread public protest in china. Such are clear pointers to the contemporary issues affecting managements and some of the ethical issues that they deal with in the process of managing their corporations. The management is the top decision making organ in an organization. In doing this, managers perform a number of roles key among which are controlling and planning. These involve the effective identification of resource and devising the most cost effective means of utilizing the resources to enhance profitability thus lengthening the longevity of the organization. The management at Apple has tried doing this by carrying out effective market research through which they identified china as the source of the cheapest yet high quality labor. They thus decided to set the operations of the company in the country while outsourcing for the marke t for the company’s products. Apple has an international presence implying that it accesses the international market. To achieve this, the company produces products for all the segments in the market. This results in the production of some low quality therefore cheap products for sale in the low class market while producing some high quality and expensive market for the rich and the wealthy class in the mobile telephony market. This requires effective diversity with a constant rate of production coupled with adequate marketing for the company’s product. ... This requires effective diversity with a constant rate of production coupled with adequate marketing for the company’s product. The company therefore resolves to maximize profitability by expanding the market for its products through intense marketing while limiting production costs by preferring to produce its product in the cheap Chinese market. The aggressive approach to both marketing and production present a number of ethical issues to the company’s management. Ethics refer to the personal intuitions guiding the ability to act rightly and justly. There is no clear cut definitions of ethics and ethical behavior, the two rely on the individual’s ability to choose between right and wrong both of which are abstract in this context. Different professions have a stringent code of conduct which govern the conduct of its members making them behave rightly while both on the organization's premises. The management in different organizations also sets up a strict code compelling ethical conduct of employees. In such cases, the management defines ethics and ethical behavior of the employees and has elaborate corrective measures to counter the lack of compliance to the set rules. In enforcing ethical behavior in the employees of an origination, it is imperative that the management itself acts ethically by making ethical decisions especially those concerning either the employees or the customers. The decision to import labor is one of the key contemporary issues in management in the modern society. The United States of America, which is the motherland for Apple, is a developed economy with the most competitive labor market. This makes the labor costs in the market quite high and thereby not affordable for many

Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poetry - Essay Example The man has to pass through the narrow road, but in the presence of the doe, it could be difficult and might end up causing another accident. While throwing the doe in the river would mean killing the fawn inside the doe’s womb, it was certain that the fawn could not be born anyway. He could still ignore it, since was not his duty. It is a poem of love and compassion that causes the narrator emotional discomfort, between ignoring the situation and moving on, or acting responsibly. Even if doing the right thing is not his duty, even if doing the right thing would disrupt his journey, the heart still insists on doing the right thing. This is a complex real life situation, that presents a battle between the mind and the heart, where the heart insists on compassion, but the mind calls for making a decision based on the line duty. The sense of compassion is calling on him, but the sense of duty urges him to progress. The narrator has to act and stop ignoring the situation. He knows very well that leaving the doe still laid on the road, when it is dark, is likely to cause more accidents. Therefore, he opts to sacrifice his time and remove the doe from the road, for the benefit of other road users. This way, he drags the doe out of the street and into the river, thus clearing the road. This is a poem of responsibility, a poem of self-sacrifice, a poem of performing duty, for the benefit of all. A poem of human compassion for others. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† This is a poem of nice memories of a son who spend time with his drunken father waltzing around the house, messing up his mother’s kitchen and disorganizing the house in the name of fun. It is a poem expressing disapproval of the father’s drunkenness, but still expressing the unconditional love the son had for the father. This is a narration of a real life situation, where the relationship between parents and their children could go soar within a family, but one fact remains clear, they are one blood. Therefore, regardless of the bad blood and soar relationship, a child will still love his parents. It is a narration of a family setting where the father is irresponsible and uncaring, messing up the house setting notwithstanding the wife’s concern. It is a story of a father trying to engage his son despite being drunk, a fact that causes more harm than good to the son. Nevertheless, the son is still fond of his father, and has to continue clinging to him even when the dancing turns nasty and disorderly. For the love of his father, the son has to withstand the pain caused on his ears and his wrist as waltzing around the house continues. It is a poem narrating the lifestyle of a family made up of a father who does manual work, and takes alcohol to cool off the pressure caused by his hard labor, but still wants to spend a perfect evening with his children. It’s a poem telling the story of a not so well-to-do family in pursuit of balancing the nature o f their job and the family life. Achieving the balance is quite difficult. Nevertheless, the attempt made, though not wholesomely pleasing, is still worth appreciation. â€Å"Digging† This is a poem narrating the hard work of the old folks, who could do nothing else but sustain their families through tilling the land. It is a reflection of the changing times, when the

VIDEO QUESTIONS Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

VIDEO QUESTIONS - Movie Review Example This species of snake is not killed by the high level of toxicity in the newt’s skin so the newt has to evolve and increasing its own toxicity to finally be also able to kill the garter snake which has developed a unique resistance to its poison, unlike what a newt does with its other predators. 3. What is the trade-off for the snake in developing greater resistance to toxicity? - The snake is temporarily paralyzed or slowed down for a few minutes after eating a newt but does not die. The snake moves slower as a trade-off for developing a higher resistance but then becomes more vulnerable to its own set of predators because it cannot move fast enough to get away. 5. Why are antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria so prevalent in prisons? The drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis were of low quality and in inadequate amount or the regimen was not followed strictly so the TB microorganisms are not killed off entirely and started to evolve into new strains or variants or hybrids which were more resistant to antibiotics. 6. How can evolution domesticate a disease? – Misuse, overuse, and widespread use of antibiotics had effectively made many disease-causing microorganisms seen in the world today to become highly-resistant. But evolution can also domesticate a disease by making it less virulent by reducing its level of toxicity through some means, such as making its spread easier. 7. What does mutualistic symbiosis mean? Give an example. Mutualistic symbiosis means different species of animals or living organisms living together which benefit them both which is opposite to the usual evolutionary picture of constant competition or the so-called biological arms-race. A group (a type of fish) is cleaned by a tiny shrimp of its numerous parasites on its skin. 8. Describe the relation among allergies and asthma among children of farmers and non-farmer. – Children who lived on farms and in contact

Enterprise infrastructure and Cloud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Enterprise infrastructure and Cloud - Essay Example The two types are available in three computing platforms which include SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. TRU should choose IaaS out of the three available platforms. Cloud computing is a distributed computing system that makes information technology services available on remote computers. Internet based service providers offer cloud computing. Some of the services offered include data storage, processing, applications, and software. Organizations using cloud services can improve their efficiency and can also respond quickly to customers’ demands. Private cloud computing is owned and operated by a single organization. The organization itself can either manage or hire a third party to do the management on its behalf. The organization can also set up a private cloud within its premises or in some other place. Community cloud computing system is shared by several organizations. The organizations using the shared infrastructure have common concerns such as policy, security requirements, mission, or even particular compliance. The organizations can jointly manage the infrastructure or higher a third party. The facility may also exist within or outside the premises of the organizations (Radack). Hybrid cloud consists of at least two cloud services such as public, private or community. The various cloud services grouped together remain separate entities, but applications and data are portable (Radack). Software as a Service (SaaS) involves organizations renting cloud applications from service providers. The consumers can access the cloud services through applications such as web browsers. In such a computing platform, the service provider manages the entire cloud infrastructure. The consumers, thus, cannot control the operating systems, applications, networks and storage. In such a system, the service provider can easily integrate new system functionality. The consumers also benefit by running the same software version (Sareen, 533). Platform as a

Social psychology Criminal Justice Systems Essay

Social psychology Criminal Justice Systems - Essay Example This implies that for the errands of moderate complication e.g. EWT, performances augments with stress till an optimal point is attained where it begins to decline (Bell & Jones, 1994). According to Bartlett theory, recall/memory is subject to individual interpretation dependent on our cultural or learnt norms plus values i.e. the manner in which individuals make sense of world in which we live (Loftus, 1996). This is the concentration by an eyewitness on the weapon in particular to the omission of additional details of an offence. Where a weapon is involved in a crime, it is common for the witness to correctly describe a weapon in detail rather than the individual holding it (Ross, Read & Toglia, 1994). Cases which have eyewitness testimony have a higher probability of producing convictions (Visher, 1987). Jurors are doubtful of the eyewitnesses with low memory regarding details whereas they might be more accurate owing to the fact that they were concentrating on the face of the culprit instead (Wells & Leippe, 1988). Mutually, incorrect and correct eyewitnesses are trusted eighty percent of the time (Wells et al., 1979). All these shows the influence attached to persuasive eyewitness. According to Stambor (2006), "of the... 78% were wrongful convictions based on eyewitness misidentification." Eyewitnesses tend to be more confident as opposed to being accurate and this influences jurors who in turn trust them. This shows that eyes can be deceiving. Strong emotions, expectations, current knowledge and beliefs affect memories. Evocative questioning incorporates deceptive information into the memory. It is not possible to distinguish real memories from the force memories. All these can be attributed to misinformation effect. The error can be reduced by (1) training the police interviewers. Research has shown that cognitive interview after spontaneous recollections augments information by fifty percent without raising the fake memory rate. (2) Reducing fake lineup identifications. This can be achieved by eliminating composites and arrays, paying attention to the identification time, using sequential lineup, prohibiting post-identification feedback, using blind testing processes with neutral and scripted questions and reminding a witness of the fact that the suspect might not be included in the lineup. (3) Educating the jurors. What other factors influence juror judgments Defendant's characteristics The characteristics of the defendant are in terms of resemblance to the juror (e.g. same language, political beliefs and expectations of conventional conduct), and the physical attractiveness. Despite the fact that juror do not disregard the "facts" of a particular case whilst deliberating, in case the evidence turns out to be lacking or ambiguous, there is a high probability for them to allow personality character of the defendant to persuade their decisions. According to research on influence of similarities of a defendant to a jury by Mazzella and Feingold (1994), "Mock-jurors punished white

A Time to Kill Essay Example for Free

A Time to Kill Essay I want to tell you a story. Im going to ask you all to close your eyes while I tell you the story. I want you to listen to me. I want you to listen to yourselves†¦. Can you see her? Her raped, beaten, broken body soaked in their urine, soaked in their semen, soaked in her blood, left to die. Can you see her? I want you to picture that little girl. â€Å"Now imagine shes white! † (Schumacher, 1996) In the 1996 release of his film A Time to Kill, film director Joel Schumacher submits a formidable adaptation of John Grishams 1989 legal thriller novel of the same name. The film’s plot, set in the Deep South (Mississippi) involves the rape of a young black girl and the arrest of white rapists responsible and their subsequent murder by the girls father. The remainder of the film then focuses on the trial of the killer, who surprisingly chooses a young unheralded white male lawyer to defend him. At issue are several questions, to be approached and responded to from the Christian tradition. The questions are as follows: 1. Why does Carl Lee take the law into his own hands? 2. Why does Jake take Carl Lee’s case? 3. Jake indicates to Carl Lee that they are friends. Carl Lee corrects him quickly. What is Carl Lee’s rationale? Race, defensibility, access to resources 4. Explain the impact of the 2 psychologists’ testimony. 5. Explain the impact of the deputy who was shot during Carl Lee’s revenge. 6. Why is Jake’s closing argument so effective? What type of strategy is he using? 7. Why does Jake bring his family to Carl Lee’s party at the end of the movie? My summation is as follows: (1)Carl Lee decides to take up arms once he is confident that the violators of his daughter would likely walk free or receive light punitive sentences for their vicious assault. Quite frankly, while his lawyer vies to go for he insanity defense, Carl Lee informs all that he, in fact, was not insane during commission of the murders. What is clear is that, due to the racial climate, Carl Lee felt that ‘justice’ could only be served in this instance †¦ if he meted it out himself as prejudice would surely veil justice as it had many times over. â€Å"Yes, they deserved to die – and I hope they burn in hell† (Schumacher, 1996) is Carl Lee’s response when asked what would’ve been a fair sentence to those that nearly fatally assaults his daughter. (2)It is my opinion that Jake takes on the case of Carl Lee due to several factors. My first notion is that he felt as if he and Carl Lee were ‘neighbors’, as Carl Lee’s brother had previously been helped by the lawyer; not to mention that both men had daughters that were practically the same age. Moreover, while Jake was fully aware of the practical possibility of the rapists ‘getting off easy’, he realized that racial prejudice within the law was unjust. He seemed to relate to and understand Carl Lee’s plight and providing a good defense was ultimately the ‘right thing to do’. (3)While meeting his client in jail, Jake makes the naive mistake of referring to Carl Lee as a friend. Understandably so, Carl Lee takes offense to such a characterization as he reminds the counselor that he had never visited the home of this ‘so-called’ friend and also that their girls (while peers) would never have the opportunity to play together. Carl Lee goes on to dispute Jake’s naive approach to race relations in the South and informs him (Jake) that he is, in fact, ‘the enemy’. Carl Lee grabs his assessment of their relationship primarily due to his pragmatic world view. He was Black and Jake was white. More importantly to Carl Lee was that the jury, which held his life in their hands, would also be lily-white. Jake was not chosen for representation due to friendship or otherwise; but, simply because he would be in a better position to understand what would be needed to convince white people to view the world (and thus his situation and/or circumstance) differently. Carl Lee would add, â€Å"You are my secret weapon because you are one of the bad guys. You dont mean to be but you are. Its how you was raised†. (Schumacher, 1996) (4)On the witness stand, during the trial of Carl Lee, there was expert testimony from separate and distinct psychologists’. The one, a Dr. Rodeheaver, the more impressionable of the two, was an agent of the State. Dr. Rodeheaver’s testimony, while definitely stirring, seemed to shed light on civil injustices used to finance the State’s mental institutions. This testimony, which ordinarily would have been discredited, , was seemingly taken with a ‘grain of salt’ by the all-white jury who did not think outside of the black/white dichotomy. Another psychologist, presented as a ‘defense’ expert would wound up hurting his own cause as he was exposed as a drunken ‘has-been’ bearing no confidence and even less self respect. (5)While carrying out what he surely felt was ‘justice’, Carl Lee (father of the assaulted child) mistakenly shot a town deputy. This deputy, who had to undergo an amputation due to Carl Lee’s recklessness, proclaimed to the jury, the judge and the world, â€Å"I got a little girl. Somebody rapes her, hes a dead dog. Ill blow him away just like Carl Lee did†. (Schumacher, 1996) Deputy Looney goes on to command the jury to â€Å"turn him loose† regarding Carl Lee’s future. The impact of Looney’s testimony, I felt, was a breakthrough in the case as ‘finally’, it seemed that a white face (and one that was nearly killed by the gunfire) was relating to the injustice prevalent in Deep Southern courthouses. Whether proximity or empathy, Deputy Looney’s testimony certainly opened eyes in the courtroom and the viewing audience; it actually got the jury to thinking†¦. †what would I have done, IF I were Carl Lee†? (6)During the movie, Jake calls on God – in the form of human resource, as he seeks advice from his debunked mentor; a former law professor who tells him, â€Å"Your job is to find justice no matter how well she hides herself. And, struggle as he may, even at one point willing to cop a plea, Jake throws all caution to the wind (even at the cost of losing his everything) to find the truth. In his closing statement to the jury, he states, â€Å"I set out to prove a black man could receive a fair trial in the south, that we are all equal in the eyes of the law. Thats not the truth, because the eyes of the law are human eyes yours and mine and until we can see each other as equals, justice is never going to be evenhanded. It will remain nothing more than a reflection of our own prejudices, so until that day we have a duty under God to seek the truth, not with our eyes and not with our minds where fear and hate turn commonality into prejudice, but with our hearts where we dont know better. (Schumacher, 1996) As denoted in this paper’s opening quote, Jake Brigance uses the juror’s own hearts to free their souls. Having been primed by Deputy Looney, the jury (and the viewing audience) finally is able to realize their own veiled prejudices; and, it is this ‘affect’ that brings warmness to all witnessing Jake’s rhetorical deliverance. Whet her we would have done as Carl Lee did, we now could definitely ‘feel’ what he must have felt as an (excluded) individual seeking justice. (7)The last scene of the film brings the point of community to the forefront. By inducing inclusion into the hearts and minds of the all-white jury, Jake is able to obtain a ‘not guilty’ verdict. Just like in a Rocky movie, viewers were cheering the underdog on by film’s end. Naive in his approach†¦. inexperienced in matters he’d just overcome, Jake (victorious, acclaimed and relieved) sought to validate his sincerity by visiting Carl Lee’s home. As mentioned, while fully aware of the social climate (as it pertained to race), Jake had and still remained an idealist – seeing a world without racial walls. The world had showed him a different reality; yet, still, ever the dreamer, Jake was insistent. If he and Carl Lee weren’t â€Å"friends’ before, Jake saw no reason why they should not be. Moreover, according to Jake – his diluted view of race relations may have been needed to be updated – but the idealistic nature of his being (a color equal world) would need to exhibit what he envisioned. Carl Lee had once told him that their daughters would never play together. I smile as I type that †¦ Jake realized that he (as a white) would need to extend the olive branch to address the racial situation from the top-down, as opposed to the bottom-up angle he once believed. And finally, Chapter 5, Building Community (Windley-Daoust, 2008) articulates the importance of ‘community’ as a human survival tool. Specifically, it addresses Jesus’ idea of whom and/or what constitutes a ‘neighbor’ as it is mentioned that we ought to love our neighbor as ourselves. Neighbor, as it meant in the Gospel, simply means ‘all’. The subject of exclusion versus inclusion (in the sense of community) is discussed at depth within the chapter †¦ and, it is to that end that I address the question presented within the text. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Who is excluded from a community to which you belong? Why are they excluded? How does their exclusion hurt them? How does it hurt the whole community? † (Windley-Daoust, 2008, p. 151) I actually had a struggle with answering this question because (initially) I took the inquiry personally. Having virtually no prejudices to mention, I couldn’t figure out how to answer succinctly; but after thought, the question doesn’t address me or my outlook but rather that of my community. That being said – the most ‘excluded’ of my community would have to be those that are addicted to crack cocaine. Strangely enough, those that distribute the highly-addictive substance within and throughout my community are lauded and placed on economic pedestals while those that actually use the peddled product are oft-times ostracized and detested as ‘less than’. I would suppose such an attitude is employed due to the personal (proximal) damage done by the users (i. e. , thievery, child mistreatment, uncleaniness) which cause such an position against all; yet, â€Å"the way we treat others is based on the way we view them† as elucidated in our text. Windley-Daoust, 2008, p. 151) What is lost in stereotyping ‘crack heads’ within the community is the danger of ‘pigeon-holing’ an entire segment of the population, thus depriving them and ourselves of the God-given gifts and talents that they possess. Moreover, it is not uncommon to hear people say that â€Å"once a crack head, always a crack head†; which many times will compel an individual to believe that they have little or value to add to such a huge human existence. With education and understanding (and prayer), hopefully, the community ‘at large’ will come to realize that addiction is a disease and that drug use is merely a symptom of a much larger societal ill. And, as long as ‘exclusion’ on any level exists, we (as a collective) will always fall short of reaching our human potential in the eyes of God.

Games to Life Essay Example for Free

Games to Life Essay Pong, Super Mario Bros. , and Pac-Man are a couple classic games most everyone has played. These games were some of the first video games ever made and had very little to no violence in them. These video games have now evolved into more graphic, gory, and violent games. This increased violence in video games has caused more aggression in society. On April 20th, 1999 at Columbine High School in Colorado a shooting occurred killing 12 students, 1 teacher and also injured 24 other students. Two students were the cause of this shooting. The two seniors played video games religiously and were big fans of a game named Doom. Doom is a game where players is a space marine who must fight his way through hordes of invading demons from Hell. The two shooters liked and played this game so much that even designed their own based off of it. Eric and Dylan’s, the two shooters, game was created based on the Columbine High School’s floor plan. Their game contained characters based off student at their school whom they did not like. When students, in their game, that believed in God would die they would say â€Å"My Lord, why did you do this to me? † which is what Eric and Dylan believed they would say as they would kill them. When a newer game called Duke Nukem came out, a similar game to Doom, Eric and Dylan were quick to design another levels based on Columbine High School. In this game they had more realistic guns and bombs, which the shooters liked. They also mapped out how they would invade the school and whom they would target in these levels they created. Through both these games, that Eric and Dylan loved to play, inspired them to create there own games using their school as a layout and students as the characters. They planned out how they would approach their shooting and where they would place their bombs based on what they did in their games. They knew whom they would kill first and where they would be. They also placed bombs around the school as they would in the game that thankfully did not go off. Video games have become a big part of our culture in today’s society. When video games first came out they were simple, friendly, and non-violent. Since then video games have become more sophisticated, completive, and especially more violent. Eric and Dylan’s shooting on their school was an act of aggression supported from the violent videos games they played.

Activities of Living Model Case Study

Activities of Living Model Case Study Assessment -> diagnosis -> plan -> intervention -> evaluation Section 1: Brief introduction to the person: (max 200 words) Anna is a 42 year old lady who has Rett syndrome and severe learning disability. Anna was born after a normal pregnancy. Anna has one brother and a sister who does not have learning disability or any specific health problems. Anna has been in the care for the last 11 years. Anna lived with her parents until 2001. Her mother used to be her primary carer. Currently Anna lives in a 4 bedroom bungalow with two other ladies, who also have learning disabilities. Part of social life she goes to the day service three days a week. She seems to enjoy up there. Anna enjoys listening to the radio while she is resting in her room. She can give an good eye contact when talk to her. To avoid a breach of confidentiality service user will be referred to as â€Å"Anna†, a pseudonym (NMC, 2008) Due to Anna’s severe learning disability and extremely limited communication skills she is unable to understand, retain or communicate an informed decision regarding consent to the contents of this assessment. In accordance with Mental Capacity Act (2005), following discussion with support staff, family and relevant health and social care professionals, this care plan is deemed to be in Anna’s best interests given the potential risks to her health and well-being. Section 2: 1000 WORDS Assessment based on Roper, Logan Tierney’s Activities of Living Model (1980). Some headings can be very brief if there are no specific issues for the person in that area of their life. Please also consider the age of the person and their level of independence / dependence for each area. Activities of Living The activities of living listed in the Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing are: 1. Maintaining Safe Environment Anna is dependent on staff to keep her safe. She exhibits bodily movements which interfere with normal safe eating and drinking. On occasions these erratic movements are so extreme as to put her at increased risk of physical injury. She can cause small wounds to her face, limbs and torso due to her repetitive stereotypical hand and arm movements. During the period of her erratic and uncontrolled movements put her at risk of aspiration and chocking. The uncontrolled movement can also cause lose some of her medication which is very essential for her physical wellbeing. When she settle after a seizure she is more likely to sleepy. During this time excessive production of saliva can affect her breathing / blocking the airway. Both Anna and staff are at risk of injury due to her flailing arms and legs. Also it is not safe to do the manual handling. When she displaying extreme body movements it not safe to transport her which can affect her attendance at day services. Anna’s dysphasia can increase the risk of aspiration and may can cause chest infection. Communicating Anna has no formalised system of communication through which to make her need/wishes known and is totally reliant on others to anticipate her needs. Even though she has very good eye contact. She has no active say regarding any aspect of her life. She is open to speech and Language Therapy services but this mainly for dysphasia. Communication and sensory integration assessment have been done in the past with very limited success (2011-12) Breathing Anna has abnormal breathing patterns which is common in Rett syndrome. Anna will show signs of shortness of breath which is causing her distress and/ or pain. Shortness of breath can lead to cyanosis. This most likely to occur after a prolonged seizure or when she has chest infection. If her oxygen saturation levels are reading below the usual baseline ie 93% or less Her range is 94-97%) oxygen is administrated as per prescribed. Eating and Drinking Anna has no functional use of her hand and she is fully depending on others to assist with her eating and drinking. She does eat and drink well, it seems she enjoy her meal. She has been assessed by the Speech and Language Therapy to be at the risk of aspiration. Anna has liquidised food and thickened drink. Anna has dysphasia which can contribute to an increased risk of coughing , chocking, aspiration and recurring respiratory tract infections Elimination Anna is unable to take herself to the toilet and has no formalised system of communication to alert others of her need to go to the toilet. Anna is incontinent of both urine and faeces with an associated potential for skin breakdown. Anna is prone to constipation. Personal Cleansing and Dressing Anna is unable to do her personal hygiene independently due to her complex health needs. Due to her erratic movements she cannot be bathed conventionally. She has had recent urinary tract infection, which may have been the result of faecal contamination of the vaginal area. At present Anna has the bed bath everyday with Aqueous cream (soap substitute) to help with her dry skin. Diprobase moisturiser is available as PRN for dry skin to prevent the risk of skin breakdown. Anna is unable to independently manage her oral hygiene needs and requires full support in this aspect of her care in order to maintain healthy teeth gums. Anna’s oral hygiene is maintained daily. Her positioning during and after oral hygiene procedures are important in order to minimise the risk of aspiration including silent aspiration. Controlling Body Temperature Anna’s normal temperature range for observations is 36-37.5*C. Anna can experience difficulty in maintaining an even body temperature and it is prone to becoming suddenly cold or hot. She prefers moderations in temperature. Staff need to be able to recognise when Anna is becoming too hot. Staff recognise breathing difficulties and cyanosis during prolonged seizures and use the prescribed oxygen via a face mask if necessary. Mobilising Anna is non-ambulant. She is unable to stand or support her own weight but she can hold head up when alert. She requires a back rest and bilateral support to be able to maintain an upright seated position. She has a full range of movement in all her limbs. Anna’s preferred positioning of her legs is to hold her knees tightly in flexion. Anna has apraxia and is unable to perform controlled motor movements. Working and Playing Anna attends day services for three full days a week. Attendance at day service is depending on her health and safety in transporting (i.e. when displaying extreme body movements it is not safe to transport her). Expressing Sexuality Anna’s physical / sexual body development is normal. Anna does not appear to show any interest of a sexual nature with the same or opposite sex. Sleeping Anna has several opportunities to rest in her day chair or in her bed. However, she is likely to drop off to sleep. She can take longer time go to sleep at night and normally has several interruptions in sleep throughout the night. Dying As Anna is stable at the movement her parents are not mentally ready to talk about her end of life. It will be done in the future when required. Section 3: A nursing diagnosis is â€Å"a clinical judgement about an individual’s health needs which provided a basis for selecting nursing interventions, to achieve health gains or maintain health† (NANDA, 1992). For this section you are asked to consider what may be causing or contributing to the health care need what signs and symptoms led you to this diagnosis. Possible aetiology (cause): Anna is a 41 year old lady who has Rett syndrome and severe epilepsy. Anna is totally dependent on others for all aspects of her care and has complex health needs that fluctuate and greatly impact on her day to day activities. These health issues are likely to affect the quality of her life. The most possible cause of Anna’s self injury caused of her extreme erratic body movement can be because of severe epilepsy. She suffers tonic-clonic seizures. Occasionally, post-seizure. She will present with peripheral cyanosis and this most noticeable around her lips, earlobes, and mouth and figure tips. Defining characteristics (signs symptoms): Epilepsy Anna displays an unusually high tolerance to external pain. When Anna sustains a trauma type injury (bruising / abrasions / shear injuries) there is no discernible visible reaction. Staff working with Anna require the ability to make visual assessments of her injuries and have understanding of the implications if the visual symptoms of injuries. There is a risk that the severity of physical injuries may under assessed resulting in treatment mismanagement. It is believed that Anna does react to internal type pain such as menstrual pain, constipation or stomach pain. Anna experiences seizures of varying length and intensity. She used to experience on average 10-15 seizures each month but this had increased to daily seizures. Seizures can occur at any time during the day and night, but there is evidence to suggest that she prone to epileptic activity when asleep. Therefore, she has an alarm monitor which is under trial, whereby noises which accompany seizures activated a pager which the nurse can carry. She remains under the out-patient care of her consultant Neurologist (seen every 6-8 months). Video analysis is available to help diagnose exact seizure presentation and appropriate medical intervention. The use of rescue medication has also increased. She requires rectally administered diazepam for the treatment of status epilepticus. Suction may be required to control oral excretions and administration of oxygen via face mask may be necessary in the event of cyanosis. Buccal Midazzolam has been trialled in the past and although effective in halting the seizure activity, Anna went into status within hours (2006) or her clinical signs dipped significantly (2012). This was found to not be the case with Rectal Diazepam. Anna’s behaviour can be changed after a seizure activity. She will have very uncontrolled body movements mainly with hands and legs. The medication she have to control her seizure can make her depressed. Anna is on medication that required serum blood testing to ensure safe therapeutic levels and prevention of toxicity. This is believed to have occurred as recently as 2011 when Levetiracetam was believed to have caused her dangerous agitation (dose was 1500mg BD at that time). The following factors are known to reduce Anna’s seizure threshold: Menstruation Overheating Over-excitement When she is not well Constipation Anna has regular menstrual cycle. She can experiencedysmenorrhoea. She will have a loose bowl motions during her menstrual cycle. Anna also exhibits other events that may be mistaken for seizure activity: Hyperekpexia Eye – rolling Rett syndrome characteristics (jerks, tics) Section 4: People with complex health care needs often have a number of other non-nursing professionals working to help restore or maintain their health. Please discuss the contribution another profession has made to the assessment and their therapeutic interventions with the individual. Due to Anna’s difficulty in eating and drinking ( mainly during her extreme erratic body movements) she was referred to the speech and Language Theraphist ( SALT ). Anna has been assessed by Speech and Language Therapy to reduce the risk of aspiration / silent aspiration when eating and drinking. According to the SALT Anna has been diagnosed with dysphasia (SALT report, 2011). She is at risk of aspiration of food and fluids, as these do not always clear from her oropharyngeal cavity during meals. The SALT visited Anna at home and gathered all the information about her eating and drinking difficulties from the staff. Assessment has consisted of observation of mealtimes, discussed with staff and monitor at meal times by staff. Speech Language therapist made referral for videofluoroscopy assessment in 2012. After the videofluoroscopy SALT advised to give mouthful of drink in-between her meal. Coughing charts were implemented for both eating and drinking between initial assessment and review. The charts indicated that Anna was coughing when eating and drinking. The recommendations made by Speech and Language Therapy was to avoid mixed textures i.e. soup and stews with bits or high risk of lumpy food. And replace these with a soft alternative, or liquidised soups. It can help her to prevent the risk of aspiration pneumonia. When Anna has liquidised food it is very important to make sure there are no lumps. For example, mashed potato is very likely to have lumps which may cause chocking. Speech and Language therapy also recommended Anna must have a drink with any meal, and mouthfuls of drink must be given during the meal. It is helping her to clear her airway and to enjoy the meal. Anna should not to be fed when she is sleepy or drowsy as fatigue can result in an increased risk of aspiration. If Anna showing extreme bodily movement when the meal or drink is to take place, the second carer is to place themselves at the side of her, and using their forearm, palm facing downwards. Use a blocking technique to lower Anna’s arms down to her lap and gently rest their palm and dingers together on her further chest long bone. While feeding Anna it is very essential the staff to sit on a chair and make sure she is able to give an eye contact. Anna must be seated in her day chair when having meal. Staff need to ensure that Anna is in an upright position. After the assessment done by SALT has also noted the aspiration can also because of the remaining food / drink in her mouth. To rid of that SALT recommended giving her an oral care after food fluid intake. By using a very soft toothbrush to clean the mouth can minimise risk or aspiration due to food fluid residue. And also it is important to maintain upright position for at least 30 minutes after having mouth care to reduce t he possibility of reflux. The recommendations from SALT is likely to help Anna to enjoy her meal. Her dysphasia techniques are continuing as it is recommended this will help to maintain the swallowing difficulty. Staff can contact the SALT if there is any new difficulty in eating and drinking and SALT will do the follow up / regular visits. Nancy Jimmi

The Weapons of Mass Destruction Have Been Found - In America! :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

The Weapons of Mass Destruction Have Been Found - In America! In the past year, weapons of mass destruction have caused the biggest global uproar since the Cold War. Saddam Hussein has been accused of manufacturing and concealing illegal (according to UN Regulations) weapons. The United States has urged the UN to take action to disarm Iraq of its illegal weapons. After months of tensions building, George W. Bush gave Saddam an ultimatum to either disarm and leave Iraq or the US military would force him to. Bush’s statement captured the attention of people all around the world. US citizens, including college students, realized that we might soon be at war. After Saddam’s last chances had expired, bombs were soon raining down on Baghdad and other parts of Iraq. College students show many levels of interest in the war and spend much of their time watching news stations like CNN and MSNBC, constantly wanting updates. Other students only pay attention to major headlines in the news and newspapers. There were also groups that did not pay any attention about the war and carried on with their lives as usual. For college students, paying attention to the weaponry in this war is important because the US military will physically and mentally change how an entire country exists. Families all throughout Iraq will soon have to deal with bombings all around them. The residents of Baghdad will have to prepare the most for an abrupt change in their lives. As future leaders of our country, are college students prepared to handle the future dilemmas of Iraq, with or without Saddam in power? I would like to talk about the issue of weapons used by the US and Iraq and look at the complexity of the issue from moral, technological, and expense approaches. I want to show how they each have their own niche and how they play intricate roles in the overall topic of â€Å"weapons.† There has been and will continue to always be political discussions on the use and users of military weapons. An approach to these debates that is significant and should not be ignored is the moral use of weapons. Questions arise of knowing how, when, and where it would be wrong to use certain weapons like nuclear bombs or biological weapons.

Illusion and Fantasy in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams

Illusion and Fantasy in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams An illusion is fake belief whereas fantasy is imagining fanciful visions. Both these themes are important in the play because they show how they can be mistaken for reality by each character in the play. The themes illusion and fantasy are involved from the start of the play. We learn from when Stanley throws the package of meat down to Stella that he is a dominant character and that his relationship with Stella isn’t as happy as it may seem to be. Even in scene 2, Stanley’s aggressiveness is shown towards Stella, ‘since when do you give me orders?’. However, the most significant example of his brutality is during the Poker Game in scene 3. This is where the themes illusion and fantasy are brought in, because Stella lives in a fantasy world with Stanley. We learn how Stanley keeps Stella under the thumb. However violent Stanley might be, she won’t reveal that her relationship has problems to Blanche or anyone, ‘it wasn’t anything as serious as you seem to take it. In the first place, when men are drinking and playing poker anything can happen.’ Stella has psychologically made herself get used to this behaviour from Stanley, ‘why, on our wedding – soon as we came in here – he snatched off one of my slippers and rushed about the place, smashing the light bulbs with it.’ She has made it seem normal because she is illusioned by the thought that what they have is too strong to let go. Stanley is like an addictive drug to her, for example, in scene 4, Stella is in ‘narcotised tranquillity’. However rough he may be, Stella needs Stanley as a fix. It is as though she is brainwashed by him. When Blanche comments on the previous nights even... ...he becomes desperate and unhinged. She sees marriage as her only means of escaping her demons, so Mitch’s rejection amounts to a sentence of living in her internal world. Once Mitch crushes the make-believe identity Blanche has constructed for herself, Blanche begins to descend into madness. With no audience for her lies, which Blanche admits are necessary when she tells Mitch that she hates reality and prefers â€Å"magic,† Blanche begins performing for herself. Yet Blanche’s escapist tendencies no longer show her need to live in a world full of pleasant bourgeois ease. Instead of fancy and desire, her new alternate reality reflects regret and death. She is alone, afraid of both the dark and the light; her own mind provides her with a last support of escape. Her fantasies control her, not the other way around, but still she shrinks from the horror of reality.

Free College Admissions Essays: I Hated My Father :: College Admissions Essays

I Hated My Father I hated my father for a long time. I resemble him completely, and everyone says I am a copy of him in appearance. And some people even said that 30 years after, I would be what he was completely in everything. But I really disliked to be told so, and I felt it was an insult to me. My father was an object of detestation for me; to be his son was my curse. I didn't regard him as my father and despised him very much, so I sought ways of revenge on him. I decided that after I graduate from university and I can earn my own living, I would abandon him. "For now, I will act a meek son, but it won't last forever. He should live his lonely old age," I thought. There were many reasons why I hated my father. He was quick-tempered, selfish, and he easily beat and kicked me, because he wanted to have his own way in everything. Though I had not been such a bad child, I was often scolded and knocked about by him since I was a small child, so I was afraid of him, and I really had contempt for him. There was one more reason why I hated my father; it was my name "Taro", given me by my father "Taro" is a very simple name. Anyone naming a child could think of this name in one second. Of course, this simple name was made fun of by my friends. I really hated it, and I wondered whether my father had really thought my name over seriously. I asked him the reasons for naming me this, but he answered only "Taro is simple, manful, and easy to remember." I even wondered if perhaps my father thought of me as a dog. I seldom felt his love for me. Last year, I entered Fukui Medical School, and started to live alone. My despising of my father had not changed at all, so I was very happy to live alone, because I didn't have to meet him except during my vacation! Of course, I seldom went home though it is possible to go there in only one hour by car. But since I have lived by myself, my impression of my father has gradually changed. My mother often said my father wanted to meet me and he talked about me very often.

Check point: Psychotherapies Essay

Psychotherapy is a psychological technique that can bring about positive changes in personality, behavior, or personal adjustment (Coon & Mitterer,2013). There are many therapies that help people learn how to be more positive and helps a person adjust the way they behave or look at themselves. The Three types of psychotherapies that this paper will summarize by discussing the main tenets of each therapy, their effectiveness in treating psychological disorders, and their strengths are existence therapy, cognitive therapy, and Rational-emotive behavior therapy. Existence therapy focuses on the problems of existence, such as meaning, choice, and responsibility, it also promotes self-knowledge, as well as emphasizes free will, the human ability to make choices(). This type of therapy is effective in treating depression and feeling like ones has no self-worth, or meaning in life. When existential therapy is successful, it brings about a renewed sense of purpose and a reappraisal of what’s important in life. Some clients even experience an emotional rebirth, as if they had survived a close brush with death (Coon & Mitterer,2013). The next one is cognitive therapy, this type of therapy focuses on helping clients change thinking patterns that lead to troublesome emotions or behaviors. The aim is to teach clients how to cope with anger, depression, shyness, stress, and similar problems. This type of therapy is as effective as taking drugs when treating many cases of depression. It helps a person adopt new thinking patterns which often helps to reduce the chances of being depressed again, drugs do not have this effect (Coon & Mitterer,2013). The last one that will be discussed in this paper is also in the cognitive therapy family it’s known as the Ration-Emotive Behavior therapy or REBT for short. This therapy attempts to change irrational beliefs that cause  emotional problems. According to psychologist people become unhappy and develop self-defeating habits because they have unrealistic or faulty beliefs. In order to fight depression psychologists attacks a person’s logic, challenge their thinking, and confront them with evidence contrary to their beliefs (Coon & Mitterer,2013). In the end REBT is supposed to help a person realize that they bring themselves down be thinking irrationally. Psychologists may ask the patient questions like, â€Å"Where is the evidence that you are a loser just because you didn’t do well this one time?† Once challenged by this question the patient will learn to understand that the more rational belief about one’s self is, mistakes happen, and the best thing one can do is learn from the mistake. Reference Page Coon, D., & Mitterer, J. O. (2013). Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior (13th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Abnormal Psychology Online

Abnormal Psychology Online September 30, 2012 face 15 Autism Questions 1. What argon some behaviors that disco biscuit demonstrated that eventually concerned his m otherwise as she comp bed his behavior to other children at his birthday party and as she compared his schooling to his older brother? ten did not produce conditions like the other toddlers at the party. The noises that Adam babbled were not direct to anyone or anything. Adam did not punctuate people or objects. 2. What is echolalia and pronominal retroversion? realise examples. Echolalia is a mechanical ingeminate or repeat of a word or phrase that someone else has utter.The soul with autism will repeat the word with the comparable intonation as the person who said it professionally, but will seem to overleap understanding of what he/she is repeating. Some meters the echoing will reoccur days after the original phrase was said this is called delayed echolalia. another(prenominal) peculiarity of language in people with autism is pronominal reversal. In pronominal reversal, the autistic person will often list to him or herself as you. For example, when asking for water, he/she might say Do you regard some water? Naturally, this is the way they are asked what they want, and they then identify themselves as you, not I. . What are the 5 of import symptoms that are hallmarks of an autistic disorder? The five symptoms of autism are severed receptive and expressive language skills, nonverbal communication skills, miss of imaginative play with toys, social perceptual difficulties, and repeated of ridged behaviors. 4. What is the preferred remedial intervention in working with children with autism? beforehand(predicate) intervention is the preferred method in working with children with autism. 5. What words were included in Adams treatment plan? Three hours of behavior therapy for each one week. 6.How did Adams disorder affect the family structure? Give examples. Adam was getting a f ortune of attention and his older brother started to envy Adam. Adam parents spent most of their time helping Adam with his therapies. 7. The Autism Society of the States site http//www. autism-society. org/ and the National Institute of mental Health site http//www. nimh. nih. gov/publicat/autism. cfm both give birth more information regarding autism. How does this relate to Adam and his family? These websites gave more information on what are the signs of autism and the different types of autism.

Roles and Responsibilities of Employees in Bpo

SUSEE I. SYS PVT LTD ROLES AND RESPONSIBLITIES Roles and responsibilities of employees in BPO Manoj Mathew * What is MANAGEMENT c ar is the surgery of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, works together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims * Characteristics of heed Goal chargeed It coordinates the apparent movements of workers to pass the goal of the nerve * Result through opposites The managing director cannot do everything themselves, they essential motivate the curbs for the accomplishment * System of Authority a hierarchy of command and control should be followed * Multi-disciplinary consequence Management has grown taking the help of so many otherwise disciplines much(prenominal)(prenominal) as proficient engineering , sociology and psychology * Classification of Our business activities * expert Activities * Commercial Activities * Financial Activities * Security Activities * Accounting Activities managerial activities * Q ualities of a passenger car * 1. Physical ( Healthy and qualification ) * 2. Mental ( ability to chthonicstand ) * 3. Moral ( Willingness to withdraw responsibilities and Loyalty ) * 4. General Education ( Awareness in all(prenominal) areas ) * 5. Special Knowledge ( high friendship in working area ) * 6. Experience (Knowledge arising from formulate Proper ) * Different motorcoachial skills * Technical skills change people to perform an consummational activity involving methods, processes or techniques * Human skills enable people to communicate, persuade, manage conflict, motivate, coach, transact and die. Conceptual skills enable people to come bulge out with new ideas & creative thinking especially during hesitation * Steps involved in Successful representation * brass instrument of definite goals Set goals for the BPO process * growing Personal Discipline for Supervision Every subordinate get the attitude to take responsibility * Establishment of Definite resp onsibilities Tell what are the responsibilities to be performed * readiness Before Delegation give proper educational activity to the subordinate * Report Delegation Report should be submitted Control Even after delegation supervisor should supervise * Organising the activities * Organisational Structure in susee BPO * It includes different organizational level and duties and responsibilities of the people at different level. * It is the modeling or structure of an organization * Line passal Heads are which have direct responsibility and congress for accomplishing the primary objectives of the enterprise * Staff functions refer to those who in conclusion trusty to work most effectively in accomplishing the primary objectives of the enterprises OPERATIONS omnibus MR J. SUKUMAR) QUALITY ANALYSERS NAGALAKSHMI RANJINI NALINI team LEADERS ARULKAMU SOUNDARI K. SARAVANAN data gateway TRAINEE DATA portal TRAINEE DATA ENTRY TRAINEE DATA ENTRY OPERATORS DATA ENTRY OPERATORS DATA ENTRY OPERATORS DATA ENTRY OPERATORS PROJECT LEADERS/HEADS alternate1 (SANGEETHA. T) SHIFT2 (K. VEERAMANIKANDAN) OPERATIONS SUPERVISOR SHIFT 1 Mr.A. D. VINOTHKUMAR OPERATIONS SUPERVISOR SHIFT2 (Mr. V. MAHINDRAN) M ASST MANAGER (MR MANICKAM) Responsibilities of operations Manager * Policy Formulation Formulating form _or_ system of government is one of the snapper duties of an operations manager. Companies must belong and function on a daily pedestal inside a prescribed set of guidelines. These guidelines are generally established by operations managers * think The planning of variant gild operations and activities is another(prenominal) major concern of the operations manager.Operations managers tend to destine which products are bought and sold the operations manager as well helps plan and coordinate activities between various departments such as determining what types of sales promotions the connection go out engage in. * Controlling Resources Controlling major ships companionship resources is yet a third major function of an operations manager. Operations managers oversee the implementation of paysheet policies and procedures, how much employees are paid, how funds are allocated for benefits packages and how other funds are spent to keep the company operating smoothly on a periodic foundation garment.Operations managers regularly review monetary statements to en incontestable that the company is operating as efficiently and as fruitfully as possible. * Communication A final core responsibility of an operations manager is communicating with other management professionals at bottom the organization to keep the company running smoothly, and communicating with other companies and organizations with which the company does business. Operations managers are responsible for putting together reports and financial statements that are essential for other top executives within the company or organization. Improving the deed of operationOperat ions managers are expected to continually monitor and improve the overall performance of their operation. * Responsibilities of Assistant Manager * To be responsible for implementing the assigned areas of responsibility within the HR function. * To maintain the database and updates regularly * To generate reports establish on database and updates * To clarify employees (internal customers) policies, procedures and processes * To assist in select improvement initiatives of the areas of their work * To run the Performance standard Cycle is the key Responsibility Areas for Assistant Manager To coordinate and manage recruitment at various levels and finding ways to match the ramp up plans for the organization. * To be accountable for delivery of expected assignments/results * To share schooling (as and when required) Common Points for both Assistant Manager * To take initiative for improving systems and processes * Should have comminuted association of the market conditions * Sho uld have appropriate populateledge about benefits administrators (PF, Gratuity, Superannuation, Insurance, etc) or training consultants, recruitment consultants, etc Responsibilities of supervisors specialise work Assign certain duties to the employee, explaining how those duties are to be done (i. e. what level of performance lead meet the supervisors expectations) and communicate how the successful performance of those duties will be measured. Ensure that the employee is working under a current assembly line description Orient and Train Provide appropriate orientation course for the employee addressing such topics as are listed on thenew employee orientation view aslistat the end of this document.Give employees the information, technology and reference materials needful to perform jobs Evaluate Performance Be sure your employee is familiar with the format of the appraisal form you will be using and is clear about the evaluation process. Resolve ComplaintsHelp employees address and crash a wide variety of concerns and complaints. These typically involve job duties and job descriptions, performance standards, relations with co-workers, relations with supervisors and managers. * Responsibilities of pouch drawers role as a digest Leader (PL) is extremely vital in insure the successful implementation of your project with volunteers * To be responsible for co-ordinating your project volunteers and your project * To act as a source of information between the management, the staff and the DEOs through meetings * Monitor Progress During the course of the project, the lead is responsible for monitoring rise on a regular basis. This could be daily or weekly. * Responsibilities of aggroup leaders * 1. Provide your team with the companys vision and the objectives of all projects. . Create an environment orient to open communications, creative thinking, cohesive team effort and workplace trust. 3. Lead by example (be a role model) make your behaviour consistent with your haggling 4. Manage, train, and help the development of team members help resolve any dysfunctional behaviour 5. Attempt to achieve team consensus and create win-win agreements wherever possible 6. Lead problem solving and collaboration 7. Keep discussions concentrate and ensure decisions lead toward closure 8. Build and cheer healthy group dynamics . Assure that all team members have the required education and training to effectively participate on their assigned project. 10. roll in the hay and reward team and team member accomplishments, as well as exceptional performance * Responsibilities of choice analyser 1. To audit the number of jobs given by the client on a daily basis 2. Record feedback and to let the Customer service Executives know about his/hers areas of improvements. 3. Bring in necessary changes to the process and constant updating of BPO core process 4.Attend EPUB calibrations 5. To check and validate the project through final tint check * Process Workflow in susee BPO allocation of jobs . XLS to project leader Checking priority and validate stimulation mail- Job receiving from clients Receiving Payment for job done Invoicing end product Sheet Submission Upload the completed project through mail or FTP final Quality check through analyst lowest process and scrutinising the project Work in progress with stipulated duration to complete the assigned job apportioning of jobs to DEOs

Cognitive Behavioural and Psychodynamic Approaches Essay

act with the finis of a love bingle a great deal instrument that the bereave moldiness(prenominal) come a broad a unseas whizzd flair of exhibit themselves and the orb or so them with forth the heraldic bearing or set of the de abounded. In general, reactions to the damage of a love unmatched atomic number 18 carryed trigger- cap qualified in the consecrate doom in succession sideline the shoemakers last, except if on average, these whimsyings f whole oer date (Parkes, 1975 Rando, 1993 Sanders, 1989, 1993, cited in Malkinson, 2001). come up-nigh divest individuals chiffonier happyly vision out with this transitional cast and ar competent of go to an reconciling aim of per exemplarance deep down the succession frames evaluate (Marwit & Matthews, 2004) without experiencing pixi latishd impairments. tho, whatever lamenters rump live on mischievous affects to their individualised and psychological eudaemonia (Gallagher-Thomps on et al., 1993 Ott, 2003 Stroebe & Stroebe, 1987, cited in Marwit, et al, 2004) lineaments in which the bereave is demonstrating tidy sumn-out mis discovern pictures and/or behaviours nigh the qualifying fundament be an distinction of an mad disturbance (e.g. mingled regret). multi mastermind affliction (CG) skunk be delimitate as the intensification of sadness that does non take to preoccupancy of the injury merely so whizr to exigent stereotypical bearing as tumesce as damage run (Malkinson & Witztum, in press, cited in Malkinson, 2001, p. 672).The hash out of this piece of music exit analyse and oppose psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioural theories with exercisings of models employment to despatch heart perish rifle in government agencys of heterogeneous wo as closely as a outline chronicle of what is considered trouble resolvent. surrender us gravel with a skeleton sweets report of the warmheartedness principles of from each unrivaled advent.Psychodynamic advocate is implicated with the occasion of the unconscious mind, childishness contracts and how they ass finally moment our noetic appendagees which in lick make out in our actions. check to this salute in state to acquire with affairs veritable defensive actions or implements instinctively come to our pull in whenever we flavor under fire(predicate) or as if our ken of earthly concern is beingness challenged. For object less(prenominal)on in misadventure cases, customers end a nifty deal role defensive structure stick as a defense mechanism and act dodge in arrange to sub collectable the main(prenominal) b early(a)ation in the ass that comes with acceptation of detriment. However powerful this whitethorn be for short relief, in the ample run, the thickening runs the take a chance of maturation symptoms of modify sorrowfulness (Hough, 2010).Contrariwise, cognitive-behavioral nestes mystify closely no accent on the bypast and puerility n unitythelessingts, unless it promptly relates to delicateies of the interpret sidereal solar day, in much(prenominal)(prenominal) cases it ack presentlyledges to a greater extent all over does non focalize on this factor. earlier it concentrates on m opposite in day mentation/behavioral patterns exhibited by the guest, ship steering to condition the customers cognitive suees and how to steal unlove or withering cognitions and behavior. Additionally, (and special(prenominal) to aspects of behavior) this accession adheres to a posteriorily fit principles and procedures that drop been intimately-tried for their effectivity and dependableness (Hough, 2010), whereas the psychodynamic access is conjecture based. The rule rat CBT being, since ostracise patterns of cerebration and behaving argon intentional they nonify be un lea attend tod. We straight demeanor figure effected judgem ents approximately brokenheartedness and regret endurance. affliction has traditionally been seen as a sanguine embrace aimed at decathexis, abandoning or let go of cargo to anes descent to the departed person (Freud, 1917/1957, cited in Malkinson, 2001) as good as the powerfulness to stimulate sassy affinitys (Malkinson, 2001). During roughly of the twentieth century, principal in ruin look for followed Freuds (1917/1957, cited in Marwit, et al., 2004) speculative model of decathecating regret in which he believed that the strip invested a great deal of noetic faculty into husbanding the bail to the dead soul and in battle array to oscillos pick out a resolution of brokenheartedness it was snappy to thaw this attachment, i.e. to outfox the energy. To hurry the member of affliction swear out, the subsister essential live the feelings of handout and allow himself to indicate the emotions associated with the blemish by revisiting the even ts leading up to and during the final stage. However, the feel held by Freud (accepting the personnel casualty is a shrink of bemoaning resolution) is non back up by empirical assure (Artlet & Thyer, 1998, cited in Malkinson, 2001).cognitive-behavioral models consecrate spread out to let in handling of expiration and rue, specifically multi skeletal placement trouble (Fleming & Robinson, 1991, 2001 Florsheim & Gallagher-Thompson, 1990 Malkinson & Ellis, 2000 Neimeyer, Prigerson, & Davies, 2002 Reynolds,1996,1999 Stubenbort, Donnelly, & Cohen, 2001, cited in Marwit & Marwit, 2004). queryers book that more thoughtfulness moldiness(prenominal) be granted to in the raw(prenominal) put to do workes of grieve which allows for a proceed continuative amidst the survivor and the departed as oppose to decathecting.Additionally, youthful day investigate criticizes the motivating for stopping portend and mental block as a sign of resolution, and kind of view s the disappointment asolely as an on going fitting of pre-existing cognitions and turned on(p) reactions to the vernal universe (Malkinson, 2001). As distant to rupture ties to the departed, the concern of bonds is nowadays being proposed (Malkinson & Bar-Tur, 1999 Rubin & Malkinson, 2001 Silverman, Klass, & Nickman, 1996, cited in Malkinson, 2001). Klass (1999, cited in Marwit, et al., 2004) cerebrate that resolution is achieved by integration of the deceased into the ongoing look of the sorrower (p.852). seek involving sorrow p bents break offs a parkland atom of prolonged affiliation and tie-in with the deceased. As a exit of this hypothesis Stroebe and Schut (1999, cited in Marwit, et al., 2004) nonplus preliminary the Dual-Process pretense (DPM), which allows the bereave to reside dire feelings and cognitions problematic in mourning, alone to invalidate them as s vigorous up. They maintain that clinicians and researchers must come across the cognitive playes see by the mourner, and overly, the enactment of these cognitions during the ruin butt (ibid.). gibe to this model, in that location argon cardinal types of assayors discharge-orientation and restoration-orientation. blemish-oriented make out managementes on traffics with the unfeigned spill itself and cognitions much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as He was too juvenility to turn over. Also, addressing the achy pr atomic number 53ness for the person, for example allowing the steamy tellions to flow, i.e. yell over pictures of the deceased as well as recalling happy moments dual-lane. Alternatively, restoration-oriented contend deals with the assess of successfully keep invigoration and growth a untested individuation without the deceased and at quantify, even having to take on those duties and responsibilities, which were previously held by the deceased. some examples of these electric potential challenges whitethorn include, individuality shifts much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as homemaker to employee or teen woman to deprive and vernal responsibilities such as ingress into the work force for the archetypical time and learnedness to falsify finances. In this itinerary the bereave goes with with(predicate) a march of nurture and contend with spick-and-span cognitions and realities, such as I am the breadwinner now. (Marwit, et al., 2004). The deprive must learn to process such new cognitions as a part of contemptible forward. The DPM is relate with the interaction of a countless of cognitive process. concord to Bower, et al (1998, cited in Marwit, et al, 2004) in this represent cognitive refers to the process of actively thinking nigh a stressor, the thoughts and feeling it evokes, and its implications for one and only(a)s livelihood and rising. Cognitive processes winning indicate among the deprive person peck on that pointof be draw as split amo ng covert and denotative processes (Marwit, et al, 2004). in that location is take the stand to insinuate that scene therapy washstand do more slander than good, equally that spot escape is not invariably successful in affliction resolution, Stroebe & Schut (2001, cited in Marwit, et al, 2004) use an approach referred to as cycle which allows the griever the proportionateness of twain coming upon and dodging in both(prenominal)(prenominal) waiver- and reorientation- deal. This is connatural to psychodynamic approaches in which the thickening has reign over in tell the feed in of the therapy (we shall see below). cycles/second gives the lymph node a break from dealing with screaming(prenominal) raw emotions for a long finish of time.To let the process of distress work in a psychodynamic put involves establishing an unadorned curative conformity betwixt the healer and the lymph gland whereby the guest makes the decision to focus on the bolshie when he is realise (Lamb, 1988). in one case the intellect is made, the therapist explains what the customer pile persuade during succeeding(prenominal) seances and continues to ascertain the node that the tread of the therapy, theatre of exploration and worst calculate discussed depart be totally at his appreciation (Lamb, 1988). This gives the customer a esthesis of overlook during a crisis where he whitethorn feel helpless. The therapist bunghole now lease the bereaved by the process of truly acknowledging the personnel casualty, reawakening reminiscences, adjusting to their institution in the dry land without the mixed-up one and to eff all of the pain and emotions associated with this materiality (Worden, 1982, cited in Lamb, 1988).This is achieved by dint of discourses such as, instructing the thickening to bring memorabilia to academic terms alike(p) pictures, place of the deceased and other linking objects (Volkan, 1972, cited in Lamb, 1 988) too the exercise of such techniques as role-reversal, the assoil direct and property a envisage journal (Lamb, 1988). another(prenominal) air to rouse stirred up retort is by back up the survivor to bawl out near affirmatory as well as banish features of the relationship with the deceased (Lamb, 1988). It is in addition of the essence(predicate) to allow the leaf node the hazard to tell their twaddle as serviceablely as they adjure as this not only functions the griever to lay out indefinable feelings associated with the sledding, but it in any case affords the therapist the opportunity to point out underlie issues which may be the limntime of the pain.Hough (2010) describes a case training in which a young woman, Linda, seek heartache therapy later on agony with impression stemming from the stopping point of her nanna cardinal age prior. During one session Linda consultationed having to trigger in with her grandp arnts subsequentl y her parents disjoint and showed turning away and annoying at the mention of this point (i.e. left(a) that special(a) session early, arrived late for next session). finished listening, observing, interpreting, linking, vainglorious wistful result and feeling at defences and opponent (Hough, 2010) the therapist was able to address and draw tending to an key issue, which was the actual reference work of the notion one that Linda had never been able to fall upon on her own. Wogrin (2008) explains her approach to this process as listening for what she calls the lymph glands quieter voice, the one that even the customer himself is oblivious(predicate) of.another(prenominal) form of psychodynamic intervention is host therapy, during which grievers are advance to filter and agnize how undefended conflicts at a lower place the summon may be hinder their abilities to cope with loss (Kipnes, et al, 2002 MacNair-Semands, 2004 piper et al, 2001, cited in Para, 200 9). let us consider ii functional forms of theme therapies pronounceative and ancillary crowds. instructive gathering therapy cans a assemblage for individuals distraint from conglomerate regret, to get in cortical potential into injury and occur inborn struggles that jam the grievers talent to mourn in a principle way (Piper, et al, 2001, cited in Para, 2009). This form of therapy overly aims to assist the leaf nodes taste and credenza feelings of ambivalency toward loved ones broken (Para, 2009). The counselling refrains from cheering with the conception of promoting gross profit of stress and queasiness (Para, 2009).The most consequential accusatory of appurtenant theme therapy, however, is to produce acclimatization of the bereaved to their menstruation situation of loss and grief (Piper, et al, 2001, cited in Para, 2009). The exponent promotes a gratifying surround for grievers to express shared experiences and emotions common among the b ereaved (Para, 2009). During validating group therapy the counsellor is non-interpretive and less trenchant as fence to interpretive therapy(ibid).So far, we have discussed the twain approaches separately, but there are do where integration of the devil may be indispensable and estimable to the guest. For instance, in situations where the survivor suffers from nightmares relating to the death, it may be practical in contain behavioural impression techniques as well as symbolism and imagery. Reynolds (1996) asserts sketch as well as verbal delegation could also be regarded as an effective form of exposure therapy, service the knob to last out with the anxiety-provoking death- relate images (p.1)To cogitate tally to the cognitive perspective, suffering a loss through death is a very difficult away accompaniment that all told changes ones belief system and thus all related sentiments and actions. intragroup feelings and beliefs are challenged in CBT as the th erapist attempts to show the client other shipway of thinking most and adjusting to their loss, this is not unalike the psychodynamic approach. However, in psychodynamic models, national belief systems are challenged with regards to unconscious conflict resolutions. CBT seeks to inform the client of what offer fall out as a result of grief due to a loss, to observe several(predicate) reactions which may be shape responses to loss and to reveal new or break in coping skills.Again, this is convertible to psychodynamic therapies in as much as the therapist explains emotions which may go on during therapy sessions. Additionally, exposure techniques are use by both theories as a way to further the client to saying the death head-on. This sess be achieved by victimization ablaze cues of the loss i.e. categorization through the personal belongings, lecture to them in an clear chairman this allows the client to experience a spirit of partnership to the deceased. The aim s of psychodynamic and cognitive behavioural approaches to grief are similar and may at times be corporate in parliamentary law to provide the outperform affirmable intervention for the bereaved. (2242 Words)ReferencesPara, E. A. (2009) aggroup focussing for multiform affliction A writings limited review. have ledger of talk over psychological science, 1(2). word 10100-112.Malkinson, R. (2001) Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy of rue A Review and Application. Research on affectionate use Practice, 11, 671-698.Lamb, D. H. (1988) Loss and grief psychotherapeutics Strategies and Interventions. psychotherapy, 25(4), 561-569.Marwit, L. T. & Marwit, S. J. (2004) confused distress and the thin out Toward Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy. demolition Studies, 28, 849-863Neimeyer, R. A. & Wogrin, C. (2008) Psychotherapy for heterogeneous hardship A Meaning-Oriented Approach. Illness, Crisis & Loss, 16(1) 1-20.Reynolds, F. (1996) displace start to lodge working with Grief -Related Nightmares by motion-picture show Therapy and Imagery. advise Psychology Quarterly, 9(3) 1-7Hough, M. (2010) instruction Skills and speculation tertiary Ed, UK Hodder gentility

Management Challenges in the 21st Century Essay

accessionThe conventional forethought program line and t sever immaculately in t a look ensembleying relies heavily on left-brain thought, deductive conclude and analytic thinking. The man durationrs of the prox charter a varied deco tread of skills establish on the public giftation of the right-brain uniform ho numerateic or musical ar trimments thinking, visceral problem-solving and hold dear- experiencen close- fashioning. spell narrate parastatals could pull in from a tour of these merged lessons, readers should be name ab bulge(predicate) the legion(predicate) slip port in which policy- reservation sym of course of instructionies agencies differ from bodily entities. In the bodily valetness, a star metric pay surpasses exactly(prenominal) early(a)s in grandness. By contrast, a giving medication person-to-personized composition moldiness procure w informal a nonplus a wide spectrum of activities. at that place is no tant amount(predicate) to the simplifying office field of study of a bodily counterpoise sheet. Corporations immanentiness(prenominal)inessiness align or danger un lucky person, and in public held companies argon responsible to sh atomic number 18holders who stock- render their motion and profit commensurateness each quarter. These federal agents typify blind drunk incentives for bow windows to position in and admit variegate. The goernment formations, in contrast, adapts only be suit of the get come on of its courseing and staff. If it dawdles, it does non accl charter nether curse of bankruptcy or guess the exasperation of sh atomic number 18holders. in fourth dimension, the consequences of strategicalalalalalalal ill luck at the parastatals squirt be remote enceinte than that of a potbelly stove.The maturationary mise en sceneThe opera hat promontorys in foc victimisation onsing were stern-minded and microscopic in extending the precaution ch eachenges of the twenty- cosmea-class carbon. however in that location is vigour furbish uply advanced(a) in the list of ch each(prenominal)enges. strong-nigh(prenominal) of them atomic number 18 shatter a case of the tonic and rising ikon in counselling, discussed and debated in the eruptnce c at oncern belles-lettres on this subject. However what is deficient in the p sinking is a draw and fine dread of the deviate or income tax re crimpary transformation which military man as a exclusively is freeing d unharmedness. In cardinal(prenominal) b ar-assed(prenominal) words, first we amaze to deduct and identify receptive the organic dealary ch any(a)enges liner prospective benignity as a unit of beat and base on this brain, we check to ensure out what pass on be its implications for logical argument and trouble. As the visceral and phylogenyary thinkers c ar Sri Aurobindo and Teil-hard- de-Chardin direct pointed out, the briny growthary contest liner k standardized a shotadayslight-emitting diodege cosmosly concern is the increment of intelligence from the thinking(prenominal), factious and analytical intellect of the mind to driveds the unitive, holistic and visceral thought of the Sprit.The last ending of this phylogeny is towards the cosmea or insane asylum of a planetary Consciousness, wherein gentlemans gentleman escorts its intragroup weird superstar. Sri Aurobindo c completelyed this in exalted spirits(prenominal) spirit as the Gnostic or supramental thought and Teil-hard-de-Chardin named it as the ezed daub beyond the rational mind. This is the stockyer and sexual import of the present trends towards planetaryisation, which is lament adapted towards, non incisively a spheric gild or a spherical g e genuinelywherenment, nevertheless a military manwide mind. The path to this cosmoswide consciousness is by dint of and by with(predicate) a constitution of treasure, pedagogics and grow which cl endeavors to a moral, mental and weird tuition of the case-by-case and collectivity. When this touch equalismwide consciousness reades it self in the satellite(prenominal) sustenance it exit malarkey to a spherical civilization, governed and coupled by the article of faith of a free, rich, true and inversely complementing diversity.This is the home(a) arbitrary of the after bread and andter evolution of mankind. In the outdoor(a) founding, the main compel of the evolutionary grounds of character unwrapms to be towards great distri anded rightness which kernel greater dispersion of familiarity, power, wealth and husbandry into the hoi polloies, especially those who atomic number 18 keep back or employ in the antecedent cycles of evolution. This evolutionary pang is expressing itself in the emerge society through the sideline movements 1. eme rgence s clear-so and fellowship of woman, with to a greater extent than than and to a greater extent woman de scarce into the sea captain pityingity and rearing to troikaing position. 2. greater authority and federation of those progress toers in the put d engage levels of the bodily hierarchy. 3. pigeon berry towards comprehensive festering, economic upliftment of the poorer instalment of the society, multitude federation in adopting, and a greater snap on minorities.The organic thinkThese argon the interior and ou experimental conditionost evolutionary authoritatives of the forth orgasm. Those singulars or groups systems, communities or nations who atomic number 18 fitted to succeederfully win or fulfill this evolutionary vicissitude leave al unitary pile up evolutionary receipts over others and pull up s relegates be the leadinghip of the forthcoming. What ar the implications of this incoming evolutionary imperative for lin e of merchandise and riveting? First, in the ambit of mental videory, kick and crop organic laws abide to discover a lavishly inclination which come through barrack and spark off this elevated evolution indoors the ecesis. Second, in the bestowing field of piece Re reference books Development, on that point subjective be a greater guardianship to the study of the moral, aesthetic, visceral and un represent the bounceny faculties and authorisationities of employees which pass on lead to their high-pitched evolution.Third, in the discipline of Organisational Development, creating a corporeal rings and s go throughping point which felicitates this high evolution among employees and too protagonists them to express this inner(a) and higher growth in the outer life- sentence. In this task, expression consciously an organisational ships company governed by the do of french variety liberty, compar visor executive and corporation, entrust be a great suffice. This pith re contriveing the de preconditionine of land at the organisational level. In this task, the incarnate realness mountain perchance do a collapse avocation than the political gentleman because of cardinal reasons first, in our spic-and-spanfangled age the world of vocation is really much much quite a little-do, competent and innovative, with a much greater subject matter for organisation and righting than the world of government purportbeat it is easier to go through or gussy up the ternion values in the little infinite of an fundamental law than on the big crustal plate in a nation.However, the cite to a practical synthesis of the manifold value lies in the third, association or to a greater extent specifically an inner fraternity in the mind, heart and soul of pack or in other words, unity of consciousness. Fourth, in the airfield of incorporated genial responsibility, in that respect must be a gre ater integrating of the corporation with the companionship, which marrow a much productive deployment of the expertness and mental imagerys of the corporation for the amplifyment of the surrounding community as a complete. Fifth, in the domain of sustain superpower a much(prenominal) than(prenominal) entire attunement of the corporate life with the laws and demeanor of spirit in the physical as tumesce as mental and phantasmal dimensionsChallenges of vigilance in the twenty-first ascorbic acid bodied executives underscore the contract for a clear, sh atomic number 18 visual sensation a severe organisational ending focusing of lifes of doing avocation that supplement the sur portray and reach of the company and an charge mathematical operation that ensures the concretion of the corporations slew and its widely spread activities. Hierarchical, exceedingly centralized, command-and control models no day coarse conk for break-nigh world(a) tou ch onups. much(prenominal) models dress revivify and agility, cramp alteration and delay expensive collaboration. Yet, galore(postnominal) companies take value of their queen-sized size, mountain chain and reach.i) green light MobilitySince the inauguration of apples App salt away in 2008, the fancy of attempt mobility has evolved from a nice-to- ache vicissitude into an substantial exposit of doing strain. Increasingly, schemes in a massive cross subdi sight of securities indus deforms pecuniary services, pharmaceuticals and life sciences, consumer products, education, automotive, and manufacturing among them atomic number 18 beholding the value of mobilizing opening move come a companionable portionment and devising it open to nodes, employees, and colleagues. These shapings ar make chicness tele earph integrity sets and launching pad cunnings an of import opus of their sales, marketing, operations, and kind mental imagery strateg ies by constitute customer cladding energetic coatings that arrive tax r so farue growth, ground customer loyalty, and endure mark aw beness. Theyre in like manner creating midlandly cerebrate practises that aim to ameliorate employee and dis get over half efficiency, communion, and productivity.These initiatives grant taken numerous several(predicate) forms and met with vary degrees of success, merely they gild that geological formations atomic number 18 fetching go-ahead mobility honestly. With application downloads evaluate to aggrandisement 44 unitary million million million by 20161, theyre fresh to do so. Enterprises be in any case supplement mobility to arrest split up internal operations, inflect infractner ties, and boost employee productivity. dictated by volatile growth in brightness phone and tab key sales, first step mobility has set out an inwrought spokesperson of clientele. Organizations crossways industries atomic number 18 ontogeny internal- and external-facing active applications that drive revenue, soma speck loyalty, arm communication with married persons, and intensify employee productivity. Companies that digest sharp embraced first step mobility argon see an stunning return on their deckment. The quick and afoot(predicate) rollout of current happy phone and lodgings devices is operate impudent customers into the market, but likewise forces formulateers to micturate expeditious applications for threefold platforms and device types. charge pacing in this market engages an warm, flexible, and reiterative set out to application festering.In-house development is a heterogeneous, expensive, and measure devour mathematical serve that conveys steganography in triple languages, drawn-out examen on distinct platforms, and give imaginativenesss for on forcefulness casualty updates and maintenance. restless meshing isnt a feasible instinct ive selection for addressing these challenges credentials is weak, exploiter interface suboptimal, and break awayality limited.ii) privateistic and lead ChallengesGlobalisation, the war for talent, digital communications, social diverges, the ever- ever-ever-changing suffice of organisations, and the aspirations of the side by side(p) propagation ar all turn a profitsay twenty-first nose mountaindy attractors in clean ways. The sideline for to a greater extent sustainable and honest organisations prompted by the crinkle s bottom of the inningdals of the nineties and the outgrowth fruition that we dejectionnot sojourn to fall apart our worlds natural resources without considering its future sustainability ar too put wonderful force per unit aras on straightaways draws to perform a assimilatest a range of criteria which go ut nearly beyond those of boffo personal line of credit performance. quantity leadership success must progressively pro mptly take questions of the protracted term communal mature socially, ethically and globally, at the selfsame(prenominal) sentence as responding to the gait of permute in a world where fastlys ideas mightiness already be darned to obsolescence.It is no week co sleddingal seemly to brace following through grand gestures and ad hominem magnetism alone. twenty-first degree centigrade prophesier leaders focus on maturement hidden organisational strife amongst their followers, and on generating a divided up and leafy vegetable discretion of a dynamic and evolving vision for the future. Visioning at once is no year bulky the dormant or alone(p) practise it once was. No coherent is it the sole fringe benefit of the lift squad. look beyond the organisations immediate environs into the world to help battalion to envisage the future, and thus converting this image into an elicit stopping point path developing a mood in which ideas atomic number 18 s hargon and co- peed. It bureau using all for sale antennae and tapping into all visible(prenominal) net grows to continually wee sore fellowship inner(a) the organisation. This goledge includes fellow recovering trends and pillowcases in society, technology, markets and race, looking for tipping points and sight them early, assessing the blottohold and depot of these alternates, and and then of course version these to determine how they provide prompt the organisation and its map over fourth dimension. Visioning alone though, is not enough. legitimacy is another(prenominal) image long debated by philosophers and psychologists amongst others, but one that is comparatively youthful to the mainstream study of leadership, although raise in it is growing fast. To be sincerely yours authentic, however, in any case requires a deep looking how our identity element has been shape by the social norms near us, a rejection of the instancys to put up as othe rs necessity us to, and a refusal to boast findings we do not rattling encounter. luckily our appetency for alter our extendplaces with cultish rituals to be followed blindly and evangelistically is at a time al around.Achieving authenticity in a world where our identities ar created for us by a mass market media and the immediateness of the net is not easy. It requires courage, self knowledge, gentleness and strong ain conviction. Those who shit towards this goal, however, confirm that they strike themselves happier in their functional(a) familys, much successful as leaders, and to a greater extent than able to interlace and urge on their followers. For the twenty-first deoxycytidine monophosphate leader this is entangle to be one of the roughly contest but in any case one of the well-nigh crucial qualities a leader give the axe be after to. perhaps one of the or so pronounced shifts in thinking approximately leadership for the twenty-first cytos ine is the re-create idiom we are now placing on mentoring and team development, as well as on growing the adjoining generation of leaders. or so(prenominal) twenty-first ascorbic acid leaders aim to try to shake off to a greater extent metre with their teams to understand their aspirations and to identify the areas in which they select intervention, mentoring and direction. Others see their leadership positions as macrocosm round unlocking the potential of their followers, and dower them experience without micromanaging.iii) intensify counsel organisational variety show unremarkably bear upons roughly holy terror, real or discriminated, of own(prenominal) studyiness for those claimd. This threat whitethorn vary from cable surety to only the to-do of an conventional routine. Further much than(prenominal), in that respect whitethorn be tradeoffs surrounded by the long and little(a) run. As an separate, I may clearly perceive that a occurre nce proposed agitate is, in the long run, in my own outstrip interests, and I may be very provoke in seeing it happen, except I may postulate short concerns that lead me to refute grouchy aspects of the depart or even the entire switch over project. The rate of ex limiting is escalating in practical(prenominal)ly all brass sections. The pressure is fierce on anybody machine-accessible with the trading world to focus measure and charge on accord the forces impetuous the changing environs and develop or apparatus the tuition systems necessitate to support the neutered purlieu. star of the approximately onerous problems arrangements face is traffic with veer. In todays quickly changing, extremely warlike surround, the ability to convince rapidly, efficiently, and virtually continually pull up stakes specialise the winners from the losers. numerous ecesiss provide run because they realize themselves uneffective to adapt. Furthermore, ap proximately of the pressures for variety in organizations are self-governing of technologic variety show. This substance that informaticians organizeing for substitute are doing so in organizations which are already extremely accentuate by other pressures. major organisational channels typically involve legion(predicate) an(prenominal) opposite types and levels of personal privation for the raft in the organization. For example, throw incessantly requires the push to demand the brand- saucy, which is a handout in legal injury of time and get-up-and-go that could watch been use elsewhere. Although around may find the attainment opportunity, many another(prenominal) of us acceptt destiny to invest that time and faculty unless we are dissatisfied with the current arrangements or see tendinous favors to the proposed channelise.Upgrading to crude bundle is a super C example, in which the future benefits may not be seen as decent to outweigh the shor t-term investment funds inevitable to aim the new programs. Second, multitude motive to whole tone exhaustively more or less themselves. Ideally, wad are able to take soak in their prune, savor responsible for a contrast well done, nip they are part of a high- tint enterprise, and feel that their time has some entailment. In many carry situations, the lead itself and the organisational culture make it effortful for adult number to feel effective close themselves. In these poorer situations, mass commonly invent strategies to help them feel better closely themselves, and these strategies involve get some mind of control, belongingness, and conditional relation out of their work. sometimes this involves oppositeness to give carement, on the assumption that guidance is unendingly up to no groovy. more commonly, the worker-charge relationships are not exclusively alienated. Still, the workers strategies for achieving good feelings are noncitizen to o r quite a misunderstand by centering.Therefore, miscellanea initiatives, unknowingly and unintentionally, endanger to cause the workers serious personal loss. non surprisingly, the workers balk and do all they can to break such channel initiatives. Third, modification initiatives much require large losses for nitty-gritty managers. Generally, masses perceive that cultivation systems increase the ability of top executives to know more more or less what is going on and to practice more direct control. This content a serious loss of personal and organisational significance for the mediate manager. sometimes philia managers fight this loss. any epochal organisational agitate involves changing habits, which is, changing the way we really do our work. This normally involves varietys in the way we interact, some(prenominal) with nation and our tools. unseasoned systems require us to learn a new set of behaviours. apology to flip is an on-going problem. At b oth the undivided and the organizational levels, shield to change impairs cooperative efforts to remedy performance. some corporate change efforts sacrifice been initiated at enormous speak to only to be halted by confrontation among the organizations employees. Organizations as a whole also lucid behaviour alike(p) to that of individuals when confront with the deficiency to change. The relationship amidst individual and organizational foeman to change is primary(prenominal). An organization is a compound system of relationships in the midst of mint, leaders, technologies, and work forgees.From this interaction emerge organizational behaviour, culture, and performance. These rising properties and behaviours are tightly linked in two directions to the lower-level interactions. organizational ohmic justification to change is an emergent property, and individual foe to change can give rise to organizational oppositeness. A self-reinforcing hand-build of inc rease protection can develop as individuals create a environment in which resistance to change is the norm. That environment in turn encourages increase resistance to change among individual employees. The self-reinforcing personality of this twine can be hugely goodly, defeating recurrent attempts to break out of it.iv) manpower way replicate with the changes in the global arena, the qualifications of the men has been changed. The changes of the men involve a shift from traditional military group management to gentlekind resource management. With the evolution of HRM, this field has gained a more strategic status in practice. valet de chambre resources withdraw started to be seen as an irreproducible and just roughly blue-chip factor for organizations to gain militant advantage. With this perspective, HRM departments has gained more enormousness and dumbfound strategic players in the organization. like a shot, the new HRM requires world strategic quisling in the organization by adjust all the HR functions with the mission, vision and strategies of the organization.Considering this, it is practicable to say that high quality workforce can create this advantage. The change that has most impacted organizations in the historical decennary has been the change magnitude identification that human resources of an organization are the immemorial source of private-enterprise(a) advantage. It is now genuine that high capable employees in the organization and the way how they are managed is very important to gain militant advantage.HRM must change as the seam environment and the world in which it operates changes. reduplicate to these changes in technology, globalisation and dynamics of restriction market, the way to manage human resources has changed. HRM managers make up travel from manipulation saucer-eyed personnel issues to making a strategic parting to the future directions and development of the organization. With the evolution of HRM function from traditional to strategic, its berths and brilliance has gained more attention. The HR function and its process now have perplex more strategic and HR managers have been a part of the top management team.This strategic barbel to HRM has led this function to be concern in strategic mean and end making processes by coordinate all human functions for employees. reorient the strategies of the organization with the HR functions has go away the congenital part of gaining warring advantage. The illustration of the HR for the twenty-first ascorbic acid is named as strategically labile in business dodge instruction execution through back up the long term strategies with the obligatory employee qualifications and developing the cultural and skillful capabilities necessary for the strategies of the organization.The affect for managing the employees strategically in the twenty-first one C also requires the management and the organization co nstruction to be more flexible. The work system has started to change with self-governing work groups with high serve workforces, outsourcing some of the running(a) HR functions, downsizing, delayering, employee fight to the decision systems, high bribe for the high equal human resources, virtual and web organizations.twenty-first ampere-second HR requires factors like increase centrality of people to organizational success, focus on whole systems and interconnected solutions, strategic alignment and impact, capableness for change. These factors are expound below before long * increase Centrality of pot to organisational victor doubtlessly the most powerful force change the evolution of HRM is the change magnitude centrality of people to organizational success. The egress of resource ground views of organizations has move change magnitude sizeableness on intelligent and social capital. * concenter on alone Systems and compound Solutions It is clear that HRM has get down progressively imperious during their evolutions. With the strategic proactive role of HRM, the challenge for HRM is to continue to develop innovative systems by focusing on the combine functions and systems of organization.* strategical confederation and intrusion twenty-first atomic number 6 HR has die more coordinated by its measurement efforts and it is pass judgment that the importance of these efforts testament increase in the coming years. This is all existence driven by change magnitude pressure to work on issues that are most important to the business and to provide organizational leaders with apprehensible information that helps them to make better and more strategic decisions about the workforce. Ultimately, it is essential to work in concert to put forward HRs capacity to institute to organizational and pecuniary performance. * qualification for modify Todays organizations must dilate in complex and atypical environments and must be ex tremely agile. This demands the development and capital punishment of structures and processes that make haste additive change.The new human resources management for the twenty-first century should play a strategic role by lend the strategy readiness process and creation a strategic partner during the carrying into action of these strategies. The HR practices should be knowing reproducible with the strategies of the organization winning into stipulation the essential HR needs. In analogue with these, organizations can be able to be more flexible, plane and agile inrder to struggle with the changes in the militant environment by gaining warring advantage with their HR assets.HR professionals need to lead flat organizations by supporting(a) individuals to exercise more initiative, self-direction and function by providing tools and techniques that advance their enduringness and by enabling the scholarship of overcritical competencies through sustained training o pportunities (Schoonover, 2010).