My Reflection On My Philosophy - 933 Words

My teaching philosophy is a reflection of my passion for providing all students with the tools necessary to not only succeed in school but also out in the real world. My passion is a reflection of my experiences as a student and now as a future secondary mathematics educator. From my experiences, I have been able to determine that my teaching philosophy entails three tenets. Students should be ready for the world, no two learners are the same and a great teacher can inspire a student to do the impossible. It is these three points that have and will continue to evolve to become a more defined philosophy, partly because of the intuitive learning I will gain as I begin by teaching career. My view is influenced by my desire to educate mathematic secondary students to contribute to a better tomorrow. Jean-Paul Sartre believed â€Å"Existence precedes essence,† (Peura, 2001) meaning people are born and must define themselves through personal choices. I firmly believe that students should be ready for the world, and in their preparation, their decisions will set the template for the life they live. As a teacher, I will handle providing my students with the skills necessary for them to be able to work through problems and conflicts that come in confronting the world and people. Just as Sartre expressed in his Theory of Value, education is to help humans being come to terms with his/her project. My goal as a teacher is not merely to teach math it is to guide my students towards findingShow MoreRelatedMy Reflection On My Philosophy1085 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact on my future students, and this part of my teaching philosophy can be tied into my practicum experience. As a volunteer in a kindergarten classroom at St. John Elementary I have had the opportunity to learn from teach ers and students from a different background than my own. 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Multinationals Advantages and Disadvantages Free Essays

Multinational business relies on its imports and exports around the world. Factories may be set up in different areas of the world and have their business based on the import and export of raw materials, which is what is done by most of them. Developing countries can gain more from multinationals since they help increase labor and its opportunities, which then means that the average income of a person will increase allowing them to spend more and lead a better life-style, which helps the tax bases to increase due to people wanting to spend more, often on things they could not afford earlier, and if the tax base increase, the government will be able to supply more for their people and give better health support, better education and help the country to develop more. We will write a custom essay sample on Multinationals Advantages and Disadvantages or any similar topic only for you Order Now This could also help in stabilizing the economic system, and increasing the GDP and GNP. International firms that are implanted in developing countries will also help in educating part of the population by teaching the employees the skills required for the job, making it a greater number of educated people. However, multinationals do not always have a good impact on the global business environment, especially in developed countries, as outsourcing to developing countries is happening which causes for jobs to be lost in developed countries and thus, making the average income lower. Also, small businesses do not benefit from this as they are dominated by the multinationals and their brand names. Their impact on our environment is not good, as they produce a lot of waste products, which are not always recycled or used properly, especially in smaller, less developed countries as the laws and restrictions are not always applied. How to cite Multinationals Advantages and Disadvantages, Essay examples

Currency analysis of US dollar and RMB free essay sample

Period to 1994: Prior to 1994, China maintained a dual exchange rate system. This consisted of an official fixed exchange rate system, which was used by the government, and a relatively market-based exchange rate system that was used by importers and exporters in â€Å"swap markets†. The two exchange rates differed significantly. For example, the official exchange rate with the dollar in 1993 was 5. 77 Yuan versus 8. 70 Yuan in the swap markets. The foreign exchange was highly restricted in order to limit imports, resulting in a large black market for foreign exchange. From 1994 to 2005: In 1994, the Chinese government unified the two exchange rate systems at an initial rate of 8. 70 Yuan to the dollar, which eventually was allowed to rise to 8. 28 by 1997 and was then kept relatively constant until July 2005. From 1994 until July 2005, China maintained a policy of pegging the RMB to the U. S. dollar at an exchange rate of roughly 8. 28 Yuan to the dollar and Chinese central bank maintained this peg by buying (or selling) as many dollar-denominated assets in exchange for newly printed Yuan as needed to eliminate excess demand (supply) for the Yuan. The peg appears to have been largely intended to promote a relatively stable environment for foreign trade and investment in China. From 2005 to 2008: From 2005, Chinese government started to reform the peg. The Chinese government modified its currency policy on July 21, 2005 and the exchange rate of the U. S. dollar against the RMB would be adjusted from 8. 28 Yuan to 8. 11, an appreciation of 2. 1%. The government announced that the RMB’s exchange rate would become â€Å"adjustable, based on market supply and demand with reference to exchange rate movements of currencies in a basket†. The situation in the next three years would be described into â€Å" management float† which is the market forces determined the general 1 1 direction of the RMB’s movement. As we know that from July 21, 2005 to July 21, 2008 the dollar-RMB exchange rate went from 8. 11 to 6. 83, an appreciation of 18. 7%. From 2008 to 2010: China halted its currency appreciation policy around mid-July 2008, mainly because of declining global demand for Chinese products that resulted from the effects of the global financial crisis. The global financial crisis from 2008 to 2009 will be discussed later in the report. The Chinese government intervened to prevent any further appreciation of the RMB to the dollar because of the declining exports and the huge unemployment rate in 2009. The RMB/dollar exchange rate was held relatively constant at 6. 83 through around mid-June 2010. From 2010 to now: On June 19, 2010, the People’s Bank of China (PBC), stated that, it had decided to â€Å"proceed further with reform of the RMB exchange rate regime and to enhance the RMB exchange rate flexibility â€Å"and â€Å"it is important to avoid any sharp and massive fluctuations of the RMB exchange rate†. After that, the RMB’s exchange rate with the dollar has gone up and down since RMB appreciation was resumed, but overall, it has appreciated. From June 19, 2010, to July 10, 2013, the Yuan/dollar exchange rate went from 6. 83 to 6. 17, an appreciation of 10. 7%. Most of the appreciation occurred in 2010 and 2011. From January 1, 2012, to July 10, 2013, the RMB appreciated by only 2. 1% against the dollar. Analysis Factors that affect currency Aside from factors such as interest rate and inflation, the exchange rate is one of the most important determinants of a countrys relative level of economic health. Exchange rates play a vital role in a countrys level of trade, which is critical to most every free market economy in the world. For this reason, exchange rates are among the most watched analyzed and governmentally manipulated economic measures. How exchange rate 2 2 movements affect a nations trading relationships with other nations. A higher currency makes a countrys exports more expensive and imports cheaper in foreign markets; a lower currency makes a countrys exports cheaper and its imports more expensive in foreign markets. A higher exchange rate can be expected to lower the countrys balance of trade, while a lower exchange rate would increase it. The exchange rate between the U. S. dollar and the Chinese Yuan has been a matter of contention between the two governments for quite some time. Put simply, the U. S. accuses China of manipulating the currency exchange rate. Strictly speaking, that is exactly right, as it must be for unilaterally fixed exchange rates. In practice, the USD/CNY currency rate trades at a rate higher where it would be in a free-floating market, making Chinas exports cheaper than they would otherwise be and making imports into China correspondingly more expensive. The U. S. has tried many different ways to get China to adjust its position on the currency issue such as negotiations, threats and trying to line up allies in the fight. Most recently, the Senate passed a bill aimed squarely at the Chinese though officially targeting any country with a fundamentally misaligned currency that would empower the government to impose import tariffs on Chinese goods if the exchange rate is not changed. Although the bill does not seem likely to get through the House or signed into law, the Chinese have not surprisingly responded with a fair bit of anger. Included in this has been the requisite warning that such a move violates World Trade Organization rules and could prompt retaliation and ultimately a trade war. Thats not all. China added a bit of heft to its words this time. After the bill passed, the Chinese reset the exchange rate to the USD to 6. 3598, an increase of 116 pips. A 0. 116% move is not exactly a world-changer, but it does reverse the trend in the exchange rate. The meaning of the move is lost on no one. This is not a large move, and it is not going to dramatically alter any trade flows or business. Moreover, the impact of this move is likely 3 3 being magnified by the fact that the currency markets are nervous, risk-averse and news-starved right now. In such a market, any turbulence can get blown out of proportion quite quickly. There is another meaning, though, and its more significant. This moves reemphasizes that China will not be jawboned or pushed around by the U. S. when it comes to matters of economic policy. Perhaps more so than any other major economic power today, China is hypersensitive to any perceived slight or infringement on its national sovereignty. This is a byproduct of being pushed around by Western powers not all that long ago. While Japan tolerated the railings of U. S. politicians against its unfair trade practices with little public reaction, Chinas fuse is cut much shorter. Along those lines, this currency move reminds investors that China can be a major destabilizing force in the global economy if and when it wants to do so. While U. S. and European political and financial heads try to triage the Greece situation, China stands by with the ammunition to cause yet another global credit crisis if it so chooses to do so (leaving aside that China has much to lose from it as well). How It Will Impact U. S. Businesses and Investors: Assuming that China is simply making a political point and does not intend to force a new trend of Yuan depreciation, the impact of this particular move will be minimal. Its a tiny change to almost anyone who isnt a highly levered currency trader. With the G20 summit coming on in early November, it is likely that China will want to be seen as powerful but sensible. Thus far, the G20 has been reluctant to support the U. S. position on Chinas currency exchange rate, and China needs that to continue. Longer term, there are certainly ramifications from this currency policy and a potential trade war. Those politicians advocating a new tariff on Chinese imports might want to look up Smoot Hawley and see how well that all worked out. Sparking a new recession 4 4 just to win a few political points is not an economically sound strategy. At the same time, it is worth remembering that China is not the sole source of the U. S. s economic problems. China did not force U. S. banks to loan money to less credit worthy borrowers, it did not allow Medicare and Medicaid to become hydra-like monsters, and it did not force the U. S. to rack up huge debts and deficits to simultaneously fund wars and tax cuts. Consumers and investors also need to realize that a compliant China has costs as well. A stronger Chinese currency will mean that Chinese imports are more expensive. That means more pain at the store. In theory, some of the manufacturing that was off shored to China will come back, but in practice it is more likely that it would just be moved on to a cheaper country like Vietnam with no net improvement in U. S. jobs. This would also result in more expensive goods for U. S. shoppers. At the same time, this policy costs China as well. China has an inflation problem that is exacerbated by its artificial currency exchange rate. The exchange rate, and the position of the U. S. dollar as a global reserve currency, allows us to effectively export inflation. Likewise, Chinas currency policy is essentially a subsidy to its manufacturing sector and subsidies tend to have familiar consequences. The protected industries get fat, soft, and lazy and cannot compete once the subsidy becomes economically nonviable. The Effects of Financial Crisis from 2008 to 2009 As the U. S. subprime mortgage crisis evolved into a global financial crisis, there was a significant slowdown in the appreciation of the RMB exchange rate. Obviously, the financial crisis impact on the exchange rate is unprecedented in breadth and depth. In the previous period, the central bank of China allowed the RMB to appreciate against the dollar by about 21%. However, once the effects of the global economic crisis began to become apparent, the U. S. dollar, a safe haven currency, was no longer safe, and investors 5 5 exchanged their U. S. dollar for British pounds and Euros. As a result, the U. S. dollar plunged relative to those currencies. China halted appreciation of the RMB in an effort to limit job losses in industries dependent on trade. There are several main factors influenced the exchange rate, include China’s economic growth conditions, foreign exchange reserves position, the existing price level and inflation, moreover, outside of China, the United States exerted pressure on RMB appreciation and the appreciation of non-dollar currency trade pressure on China. During the financial crisis, the United States, the euro area and Japan, the three major economies, their own economic recession, resulting in shrinking external demand to China, in November 2008 the highest negative growth rate hit a decade -9%. The GDP measured in RMB, one third from exports, so the reduction in exports makes the whole year GDP growth dropped to 9%. If the sharp appreciation of the Yuan continues, it would bring negative impacts to exports ; so in this stage of the financial crisis, RMB necessary to maintain a relatively stable. In addition, the U. S response to the 2008-2009 credit crisis by taking some measures, such as write-offs by holders of bad debt, government purchase of debt securities, and government capital injections to support liquidity. From the second half of 2009, there was a significant recovery in the global economy. As a result of improved external demand, Chinas export growth rate from December 2009 onwards from negative to positive, and in the first half of 2010, the average monthly growth rate reached 36%. In June 2010 the exchange rate reform is restarted. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) In China a Big Mac costs Yuan 16 (local currency), while in the United States the same Big Mac costs $4. 56. The actual spot exchange rate was Yuan 6. 13/$ at this time. The price of a Big Mac in China in U. S. dollar terms was therefore Price of Big Mac in China In Yuan = Yuan 16 Yuan/$ spot rate Yuan 6. 13/$ 6 = $2. 61 6 Then calculate the implied purchasing power parity rate of exchange using the actual price the Big Mac in China over the price of the Big Mac in the United States in U. S. dollars Price of Big Mac in China in Yuan = Yuan 16 = Yuan 3. 51/$ Price of Big Mac in the U. S. in $ $4. 56 Now comparing this implied PPP rate of exchange, Yuan 3. 51/$, with the actual market rate of exchange at that time. Yuan 6. 13/$, the degree to which the Yuan is wither undervalued or overvalued versus the dollar Implied Rate – Actual Rate = Yuan3. 51/$ Yuan 6. 13/$ = -42. 8% Actual Rate Yuan 6. 13/$ There is a chart that is a history of Big Mac Index between US and China. (See Exhibits 1. ) A forward rate is an exchange rate quoted today for settlement data some future date. F(Yuan/$ 90) = S(Yuan/$)* [1+(i(yuan)*90/360)] [1+(i$*90/360)] =6. 13* [1+(0. 06*1/4)] [1+(0. 0025*1/4)] =6. 13* 1. 015 1. 000625 =6. 13*1. 0144 =Yuan 6. 22/$ Example of CIA. (See exhibit 2). Forecast Fundamental Analysis: ? Economic Growth. (See exhibit 3) ? Financial markets. (See exhibit 3) Current spot rate: S;=; 6. 13/$ 7 7 ? Purchasing Power Parity Forecast: Yuan/U. S. dollar in one year S1= ;6. 13/$ * [1+(2. 83%)] = ;6. 1648/$ [1+(2. 25%)] ? International Fischer Forecasts: forecast the following future spot exchange rates using the government bonds rates for respective country currencies. S1= ;6. 13/$ * [1+(6%)] = ;6. 4816/$ [1+(0. 25%)] ? Political and social infrastructure: 1. The U. S. government was shut down on Oct. 1, 2013. After 11 business days, the U. S. Federal reopened on Oct. 16. The CNY/USD rate decreased rapidly from ;6. 122/$ to ;6. 0813/$ on Oct. 23. It leads to appreciate CNY. Since the U. S. government was shutdown, the CPI sample of October will be incomplete, this affects the veracity; it will appear deviation, and it will affect the next seven months CPI. 2. The CNY will be interfered by the market. In other words, the CNY/USD rate will be appreciated. Facing financial crisis, U. S. government will issue much more government bonds to raise the money. However, U. S. government will decrease the liability though appreciating other currency. In this case, the CNY/USD will appreciate. Chinese government will control the exchange rate in order to maintain the balance of export. Technical Analysis: Historical Exchange Rate Summary: CNY/USD (see exhibit 4) â€Å" The Chinese Yuan exchange rate for August 2013 averaged 6. 121 CNY to USD. Thats 0. 014 points lower than the July, 2013 rate of 6. 135, and 23. 8 basis points lower than the August, 2012 rate of 6. 359. The minor movement in the CNY/USD exchange rate from July to August provides evidence that the short-term trend in CNY/USD is relatively flat. 8 8 † If that trend continues in the currency market, we should see an average daily rate in December 2013 that is close to 6. 20. The average CNY/USD rate over the last 12 months was 6. 20. The average rate over the last 10 years was 7. 22. A lower Chinese Yuan to US Dollars exchange rate over the last 12 months compared to the average currency rates over the last 10 years serve as an indicator that the long-term rate trend in CNY/USD is down (weakening US Dollar against the Chinese Yuan). The highest currency rate for CNY/USD over the last 12 months was 6. 32. The lowest was 6. 12. The market high was attained in September 2012. The market low was achieved in August 2013. Conclusion Trade wars are not nearly so bad as shooting wars, but they are serious nonetheless. Ultimately, the U. S. and China have to learn how to play together in the same sandbox. In the meantime, China is doing what every other country does – playing its strongest card. After all, the U. S. prints money to advance its politico-economic needs, the Japanese keep their interest rates incredibly low and the Russians periodically shut off the gas lines to Europe. Ultimately, China will find that the cost of an artificial exchange rate is too much to bear. In the meantime, U. S. investors should realize that apart from adding a little jolt to an already-shaky market, the real consequences are likely to be less than feared. A consumer price index (CPI) measures in the price level of a market basket of consumer goods and prices purchased by households. CPI shows the change of the inflation rate. So the forecast of the currency will be influenced. Additionally, based on fundamental analysis and technical analysis, the CNY/USD rate will appreciate in the short-term. Then, CNY will depreciate; the exchange rate will get new balance around the ;6. 20/$. 9 9 Exhibit 1 10 10 Exhibit 2 Example of CIA Assume that an investor has $1,000,000 and several alternative but comparable CNY monetary investments. If the investor chooses to invest in a dollar money market instrument, the investor would earn the dollar rate of interest. Start $1,000,000 S=Yuan6. 13/$ 11 i=. 25% per annual End *1. 000625% $1,000,625 $1,000,313. 5 90 Days F90=Yuan6. 22/$ 11 i=6% per annual Yuan6, 130,000 *1. 015% Yuan6,221,950 This exhibit shows investor may, however, choose to invest in a US money market instrument of identical risk and maturity for the same period. This action would require the investor invest the US dollar in a money market instrument. Exhibit 3 ? Economic Growth: ? Financial markets: 12 12 Country China United Stated Country China United Stated Exports 185644. 00 189221. 00 Current Units;per Inflation rate US$; Oct Year ago Latest Forecas 25th t 2013e 6. 13 6. 31 2. 6% 2. 83% 1. 00 1. 00 1. 5% 2. 25% Foreign direct investment 886. 00 37869. 00 Interest rate GDP 1-Yr Govt Latest 6. 0% 0. 25% Annual Growth rate 2. 2% 1. 6% Exhibit 4 Historical Exchange Rate Summary: CNY/USD Average (Last 12 Months) 6. 20 Average (Last 10 Years) 7. 22 High (Last 12 Months) 6. 32 (September, 2012) Low (Last 12 Months) 6. 12 (August, 2013) High (Since January, 1981) 8. 73 (April, 1994) Low (Since January, 1981) 1. 55 (January, 1981)

Romeo and Juliet For a different audience Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet For a different audience Paper William Shakespeares story of doomed lovers, Romeo and Juliet is a story for all generations. The presentation of the story depends on how the audience will react to it. For instance, the audience from Shakespeares time ranged from rich snobs to drunken groundlings. In my comic book version of his story, I used more modern words to help my audience; the people of today understand the story better. I adapted Shakespeares original to fit todays audience by modernizing the vocabulary, taking out a few of the less exciting elements and by showing the emotions of the characters through illustrations. The original version of Romeo and Juliet is only different from my own version in one aspect; the presentation. In William Shakespeares time, society was a lot different from the society we know today. The audience Shakespeare had to write for was very demanding. The audience consisted of two major groups; the upper class and the lower class. The upper class was a group of civilized people who were entertained so long as the story of the play was intriguing. The lower class was harder to deal with though. These citizens were most often arrogant drunks who would yell and throw things on stage if they were not pleased by the play. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet For a different audience specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet For a different audience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet For a different audience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These groundlings surrounded the stage on three sides in section where there were no seats, which made them less comfortable and more threatening to the play. To control these audience members, Shakespeare had to please them. He did this by adding fight scenes and a bit of crude humor. As long as the groundlings were entertained, Shakespeare could run his play without interruption. William Shakespeare wrote his play, Romeo and Juliet masterfully to entertain both upper and lower class citizens. In my version of Romeo and Juliet, a comic book version, I exaggerated the action scenes and diminished the less exciting scenes of poetry. I did this because comic book readers do not read comics to enjoy poetry. Instead they are entertained by good illustrations of action as well as good dialogue to accompany them. For this reason, instead of using elaborate wording like Shakespeare had done to express emotion in each characters dialogue, I showed theyre facial expressions in well drawn illustrations. I also used illustrations to show the setting of the play clearly, instead of using long descriptions of each setting like in Shakespeares version. I could portray these important elements through detailed artwork, without words. The illustrations are a very important element in determining the quality of a comic book. Therefore, it was important that I told the story through pictures as well as dialogue, and not just through literature. In my version of Romeo and Juliet, I showed the power of not only words, but art as well. To adapt Shakespeares original masterpiece Romeo and Juliet to better suit my audience, I converted many ideas from the story into artwork. The artwork of a comic is what determines the quality of the book. I believe that in comic books, the wording used in the dialogue is not nearly as important as the artwork it goes along with. I used artwork to portray deeper or more extreme emotions rather than using quite elaborate words as Shakespeare had done in his version. By showing emotions along with scenery through illustrations, I can be sure that readers have an image of the story in their minds. Another adaptation I used to better suit the targeted audience was the changing of Old English words into more understandable Modern English words. Some passages in Romeo and Juliet are hard to understand by the young readers of today. Therefore, I modernized the wording and emphasized every scene through illustration, rather than confusing literature. I believe I have adapted the story of Romeo and Juliet effectively to suit my audience very well. My version of Romeo and Juliet follows the original version written by William Shakespeare despite the many differences in language and style of presentation. I altered the presentation of Romeo and Juliet to more effectively tell the story to readers of todays generations. Although the story is 400 years old, it is not and never will be an outdated story. As long as love exists, the story of Romeo and Juliet will be a story for all generations to enjoy.

Anti-Vietnam Movement in the U essays

Anti-Vietnam Movement in the U essays The antiwar movement against Vietnam in the US from 1965-1971 was the most significant movement of its kind in the nation's history. The United States first became directly involved in Vietnam in 1950 when President Harry Truman started to underwrite the costs of France's war against the Viet Minh. Later, the presidencies of Dwight Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy increased the US's political, economic, and military commitments steadily throughout the fifties and early sixties in the Indochina region. Prominent senators had already begun criticizing American involvement in Vietnam during the summer of 1964, which led to the mass antiwar movement that was to appear in the summer of 1965. This antiwar movement had a great impact on policy and practically forced the US out of Vietnam. Starting with teach-ins during the spring of 1965, the massive antiwar efforts centered on the colleges, with the students playing leading roles. These teach-ins were mass public demonstrations, usually held in the spring and fall seasons. By 1968, protesters numbered almost seven million with more than half being white youths in the college. The teach-in movement was at first, a gentle approach to the antiwar activity. Although, it faded when the college students went home during the summer of 1965, other types of protest that grew through 1971 soon replaced it. All of these movements captured the attention of the White House, especially when 25,000 people marched on Washington Avenue. And at times these movements attracted the interest of all the big decision-makers and their advisors (Gettleman, 54). The teach-ins began at the University of Michigan on March 24, 1965, and spread to other campuses, including Wisconsin on April 1. These protests at some of America's finest universities captured public attention. The Demonstrations were one form of attempting to go ...

History and Geography of the Florida Keys

History and Geography of the Florida Keys The Florida Keys are a series of islands extending from the southeastern tip of Florida. They begin about 15 miles (24 km) south of Miami and extend out toward the southwest and then west toward the Gulf of Mexico and the uninhabited Dry Tortugas islands. Most of the islands making up the Florida Keys are within the Florida Straits, a body of water located between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The most populated city in the Florida Keys is Key West; many other areas are sparsely populated. Early Days of the Florida Keys The first inhabitants of the Florida Keys were Native American tribes: the Calusa and Tequesta. Juan Ponce de Leon, who arrived in Florida in about 1513, was one of the first Europeans to find and explore the islands. His attempts to colonize the region for Spain was soundly defeated by the Native people. Over time, Key West began to grow into Floridas largest town due to its proximity to Cuba and the Bahamas and a trade route to New Orleans. In their early days, Key West and the Florida Keys were a major part of the areas wrecking industry- an industry associated with the frequent shipwrecks in the area. In 1822, the Keys (along with the rest of Florida) became an official part of the United States. By the early 1900s, however, Key Wests prosperity began to decline as better navigational techniques reduced area shipwrecks. In 1935 the Florida Keys were struck by one of the worst hurricanes to ever hit the United States. On September 2nd of that year, the hurricane winds of over 200 miles per hour (320 km/hr) hit the islands and a storm surge of over 17.5 feet (5.3 m) quickly flooded them. The hurricane killed over 500 people and the Overseas Railway (constructed in the 1910s to connect the islands) was damaged and service stopped. A highway, called the Overseas Highway later replaced the railway as the main form of transportation in the area. The Conch Republic Throughout much of their modern history, the Florida Keys have been a convenient  area for drug smugglers and illegal immigration. As a result, the U.S. Border Patrol began a series of roadblocks on the bridge from the Keys to the mainland to search cars returning to Floridas mainland in 1982. This roadblock later began to hurt the economy of the Florida Keys as it delayed tourists going to and from the islands. Because of the resultant economic struggles the mayor of Key West, Dennis Wardlow, declared the city as independent and renamed it the Conch Republic on April 23, 1982. The citys secession lasted only a short time however and Wardlow eventually surrendered. Key West also still remains a part of the U.S. Islands of the Keys Today the total land area of the Florida Keys is 137.3 square miles (356 sq km) and in total there are over 1700 islands in the archipelago. However, very few of these are populated and most are very small. Only 43 of the islands are connected via bridges. In total there are 42 bridges connecting the islands but the Seven Mile Bridge is the longest. Because there are so many islands within the Florida Keys they are often divided into several different groups. These groups are the Upper Keys, the Middle Keys, the Lower Keys,  and the Outlying Islands. The Upper Keys are those located the farthest north and closest to Floridas mainland and the groups extend out from there. The city of Key West is located in the Lower Keys. The Outer Keys consist of islands that are accessible only by boat. Hurricanes and Flooding The climate of the Florida Keys is tropical, as is the southern part of the state of Florida. However, because of the islands location between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, they are very prone to hurricanes. Because the islands have low elevations, are surrounded by water, and flooding from the storms surges can easily affect large areas of the Keys, hurricanes can be especially problematic. Evacuation orders are regularly put into place due to flood threats. Coral Reefs and Biodiversity Geologically, the Florida Keys are made up of the  main exposed parts of  coral reefs. Some of the islands have been exposed for so long that sand has built up around them, creating barrier islands while other smaller islands remain as coral atolls. Additionally, there is also still a large coral reef offshore of the Florida Keys in the Florida Straits. This reef is called the Florida Reef and it is the third largest barrier reef in the world.   The Florida Keys are a highly biodiverse area because of the presence of coral reefs as well as undeveloped forested areas. Dry Tortugas National Park is located about 70 miles (110 km) from Key West and, since those islands are uninhabited, they are some of the most well preserved and protected areas in the world. The waters around the islands are home to the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Because of its biodiversity, ecotourism is becoming a large part of the Florida Keys economy. Other forms of tourism and fishing are the major industries of the islands.

Financial Accounting and Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Accounting and Report - Essay Example different users of financial statements and their needs, the legal and regulatory influences on financial statements, the implication of the regulations for the users, the role of the accounting and reporting standards and how the information needs of different user groups vary. The first category of people who use financial information is investors. Investors who provide capital to a company are concerned about the levels of risk, and return from their investments. They need financial information to help them decide whether they should buy or sell shares of a particular company. They are also interested in information that enables them to assess the ability of a company to pay cash dividend. The second category of people is employees. Employees need to know whether their employer is financially stable. They use this data to evaluate the employer’s ability to implement a fair remuneration package, provide retirement benefits and be able to offer employment chances (Lasher 2008, pp. 64). Lenders use financial information to access the ability of a company to promptly pay both the principal and interest on loans. Suppliers and other trade creditors are interested in financial information to enable them to determine whether the amount owed to them will be paid without default. Customers are interested in financial information to determine the life span of an enterprise, especially when they have a long-term association with an enterprise such as the presenting solutions to both short and long-term problems. Government and their agencies use the financial information to regulate the activities of an enterprise and to determine tax policies. They also use the information to compute national income. Lastly, the public use financial information to determine the trends and recent development activities of an enterprise to help them assess the possibility of a major economic contribution by an organization (Saudagaran 2009, pp. 51-56). To determine the regulatory

Service learning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Service learning - Assignment Example This implies that every member of the society is equally important and holds the potential to make positive contributions consequently leading to the overall societal development. Racism is a global problem that can affect anyone since it arguably depends on an individual’s location. For example being white in America and other Western countries is seemingly a free ticket from racism unlike other races such as Asians. However, this privilege is limited to regions where the highest percentage of inhabitants are white. For example, during a tour to Africa with my family we encountered an incident where we were overcharged simply due to the divisions and notions created by race. There was no considerable benefit to the oppressors apart from the extra cash of course. Nonetheless, racism is seemingly double sided since in some instances I get served first regardless there being people from a different race that had arrived earlier. Stereotyping is a common practice in the society and can either be positive or negative. For example, the stereotype that all politicians are selfish or that girls are not good at sports or that all Muslims are terrorists or all women like make-up. Going by this examples it is evident that stereotypes are specific to particular groups such as politicians, girls, Muslims, and women respectively. Additionally, stereotypes are seemingly true but the main contestation is the generalization that is not necessarily true. For example, a relatively high number of women like and frequently use make-up. However, there is also a relatively high number of women who do not wear make-up and in fact do not like it. The theory of voluntary oppression is deeply rooted in the provisions that for oppression to occur one must belong to a group that is facing oppression. This is despite the fact that the particular individual in play may not be directly affected. This implies that an individual is oppressed simply due to the fact that they

Mice & Men Essay Example for Free

Mice Men Essay In chapter 3, the setting, the bunkhouse can be seen to symbolise that people only see what is obvious to them. Steinbeck shows this through symbolism in the bunkhouse. ‘Although there was evening brightness showing through the windows of the bunkhouse, inside it was dusk†¦ Instantly the table was brilliant with light, and the cone of the shade threw its brightness straight downward, leaving the corners of the bunkhouse still in dusk. The brightness down the centre of the bunkhouse shows our assumptions about something, as we judge things solely for what we see and know. This happens at least once during the text and can be seen through the immediate judgement of Curleys wife as comes alone to the bunkhouse. George seems to know exactly where the trouble is going to originate, and this is shown when George cautions Lennie not to talk to Curleys wife. George immediately judges Curley’s wife from previous gossip from Candy, her appearance and her behaviour before he has a chance to get to know her. His assumption led the audience to believe that she is simply just a tart, and nothing more. The dark and gloomy corners on the other hand are a representation of the secrets and not so obvious things in life. This can be seen at the end of the text when we find out the real reasoning as to why Curley’s wife behaves the way she does, which is due to her lack of attention from Curley, not just because she is a floozy. The contrast of dark and light builds anticipation in the audience as the feeling of doubt seems to lurk permanently in the background. Others may interpret the bunkhouse to symbolise cruel world of reality. The dark corners of the bunkhouse suggest dreams and ambitions as in the dark, as we cannot see the problems in which lie ahead. It is only in the light which can be seen down the centre of the bunkhouse that we can see reality and all of the barriers in which will prevent us from achieving these ambitions. Steinbeck shows this when all ambitions of the ranch workers never go to plan. In the light down the centre of the Bunkhouse It appears to be a world in which fate often plays a hand, and the characters are frequently defenceless and watch their dreams turn to dust. Lennie’s puppy symbolises dreams, joy and the relationship between George and Lennie. A puppy is so fun to play with. You can spend time with it; a puppy can listen to all of your problems, is a great friend and you could never stay mad when you see one; however they are reliant on its owner for its wellbeing. This is like the relationship between George and Lennie. Lennie is reliant on George to keep him well and healthy and out of trouble just like the puppy would be reliant on Lennie when it grows older. George and Lennie are also have a close relationship, where they share their problems and although they George may get frustrated with George at times he is always quick to forgive him. The puppy brings joy to Lennie and George because ‘George said if Lennie didn’t hurt the puppy then he could tend the rabbits, when they get their own farm. The dream farm symbolises the tie between them and keeps them working, even when times are hard it is, and is ultimately, their version of heaven. So when Lennie kills a kills the puppy later on in the Chapter 5, it is obvious to the audience that their chances of going there are forever ruined. In contrast to this it may lead some to believe that the puppy is therefore a symbolism of the fate of the weak in the strong and foreshadows doom, shown particularly when Lennie brings the puppy in to the house and away from the it’s nest. ‘’He reached down and picked the tiny puppy from where Lennie had been concealing it against him’’. Concealing means to prevent something from being seen or known about. Many things are concealed during the story such as the petting and death of the mice, the incident in weed, the death of the puppy and briefly the death of Curley’s wife. We learn about the incident in weed in chapter 3 so it automatically foreshadows a doomed future of the puppy, given our knowledge about the mice. Our suspicions are confirmed During Chapter 5 when Lennie kills the puppy accidentally due to the fact that he still does not recognize his own strength. Although no other character can match Lennie’s physical strength, Lennie finds himself in a similar situation as the innocent animal, as Lennie is unaware of the vicious, predatory powers that surround him. This doom was foreshadowed by the puppy. The sequence of events of the puppy gives a cast contrast of scenes full of hope (when the puppy is first given to Lennie), in comparison to scenes of disappointment (when the puppy dies) increases the readers apprehension as they are continuously on the edge wondering what he will do next.

Natural Language Processing :: essays research papers

Natural Language Processing There have been high hopes for Natural Language Processing. Natural Language Processing, also known simply as NLP, is part of the broader field of Artificial Intelligence, the effort towards making machines think. Computers may appear intelligent as they crunch numbers and process information with blazing speed. In truth, computers are nothing but dumb slaves who only understand on or off and are limited to exact instructions. But since the invention of the computer, scientists have been attempting to make computers not only appear intelligent but be intelligent. A truly intelligent computer would not be limited to rigid computer language commands, but instead be able to process and understand the English language. This is the concept behind Natural Language Processing. The phases a message would go through during NLP would consist of message, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and intended meaning. (M. A. Fischer, 1987) Syntax is the grammatical structure. Semantics is the literal meaning. Pragmatics is world knowledge, knowledge of the context, and a model of the sender. When syntax, semantics, and pragmatics are applied, accurate Natural Language Processing will exist. Alan Turing predicted of NLP in 1950 (Daniel Crevier, 1994, page 9): "I believe that in about fifty years' time it will be possible to program computers .... to make them play the imitation game so well that an average interrogator will not have more than 70 per cent chance of making the right identification after five minutes of questioning." But in 1950, the current computer technology was limited. Because of these limitations, NLP programs of that day focused on exploiting the strengths the computers did have. For example, a program called SYNTHEX tried to determine the meaning of sentences by looking up each word in its encyclopedia. Another early approach was Noam Chomsky's at MIT. He believed that language could be analyzed without any reference to semantics or pragmatics, just by simply looking at the syntax. Both of these techniques did not work. Scientists realized that their Artificial Intelligence programs did not think like people do and since people are much more intelligent than those programs they decided to make their programs think more closely like a person would. So in the late 1950s, scientists shifted from trying to exploit the capabilities of computers to trying to emulate the human brain. (Daniel Crevier, 1994) Ross Quillian at Carnegie Mellon wanted to try to program the associative aspects of human memory to create better NLP programs. (Daniel Crevier, 1994) Quillian's idea was to determine the meaning of a word by the words around it. For example, look at these sentences: After the strike, the

Emirates Airline: Penetrating the North American Market

Emirates Airline is known for going against conventional thinking when running its business. Thus far, this strategy has been profitable for the company. In November 2001, the airline announced that it would begin a 13 ? non-stop flight from Dubai to New York starting in June of 2003. However a postponement in the delivery of the Airbus A380-800 aircraft that would service the new route has caused a delay. This will be Emirates’ attempt at penetrating the North American market. In the current politically charged climate there is debate as to whether or not it will be profitable to expand service to this new route from Dubai to New York. Tensions between Washington and the Arab world create restraints as to when Emirates will be able to expand service. However, the main question currently facing Emirates is whether it should expand to New York at this point in time. Unlike many other airlines, Emirates sees no threat surrounding the tensions in the Middle East. The climate has been this politically charged for the past ten years. In fact, during the first Gulf War in 1991, Emirates Airlines was the only airline that did not cancel any of its flights. They continued flying to Kuwait when a majority of its competitors stopped. Emirates continued business as usual and picked up additional business from those airlines that downsized and stopped flights in the region. This strategy exemplifies how Emirates has gone against conventional thinking and come out ahead. Country Risk Analysis Middle East Region Overview The Middle Eastern region is characterized by economies that are over-dependent on oil; however, they differ on size, wealth, and political agendas. A few of the key players in this region include: Iran, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. Of these countries, the United Arab Emirates is quite comparable in many aspects to its neighbors. The UAE and Qatar are not expected to suffer from as much government instability in the threat of war as the other countries. Iran and Iraq, however, have had their share of political unrest, which has drastically affected their oil exports and prices. To counterattack these effects, Iraq has put pressure on the other OPEC countries to increase oil prices and decrease oil exports to the US and Great Britain. As a result, the GDP of all Middle Eastern countries will decrease due to the heavy reliance of oil revenues in exports and as a percentage of GDP. While oil is what makes these countries wealthy, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar enjoy higher GDP per capita over Iraq because of their political situations. Dictatorial governments in Iraq allocate funds to programs that will not necessarily aid the country in the long-run. Literacy rates of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iran, and the UAE have increased steadily over the past decade. This is mostly owed to government beliefs that educated citizens will 3 augment the status of the country in all aspects. All five countries export to and import from similar countries including; Japan, Italy, China and the US. The main export for these countries is oil and the main imports are machinery and equipment, chemicals and food. United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is located in the Middle East between Oman and Saudi Arabia, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. The country is slightly smaller than the state of Maine, which makes it a very small country within the Middle East region. The population of the UAE is approximately 3,480,000 people. The literacy rate for the UAE is 79. 2% for the total population above 15 years. When categorized by sex, men and women have comparable literacy rates, a rarity in the Middle East region. The population is predominantly Muslim (96%), with the remaining 4% of the population consists of Christians, Hindus and others. Although Arabic is the official language of the country, Persian, English, Hindi and Urdu are also spoken. The UAE is a federation state formed on December 2, 1971 and is composed of seven emirates. The emirates included in the UAE are Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman, Fujairah, Sharjah, Ras AlKhaimah, and Umm Al-Qaiwain. Prior to the formation of the federation state, the UAE existed as the Trucial States that belonged to the British for the previous 150 years. The Rulers and the British signed a Perpetual Treaty of Maritime Truce in the 1850s that guarantees peace and protection from external threats. In exchange, the British had direct involvement in its foreign affairs and external defenses. When the British intended to withdraw from the Gulf in 1968, the rulers of the seven emirates came together and formed the federation state with hopes to increase their role in global politics. Economic Environment United Arab Emirates’ economy is heavily dependent on oil production. Abu Dhabi is the largest producer, followed by Dubai, and to a much lesser extent, the remaining emirates. Although oil’s contribution to GDP has been declining in the past few years, government revenue and the non-oil economy continue to be heavily reliant. GDP for the year ending 2001 was 67. 6(US$bn) and 21,000(US$bn) per capita, and 70% of government revenue resulted from oil production. Fluctuations in oil prices impact the growth and volatility of the UAE’s economy. The UAE is a member of the WTO, but has been slow to comply with its requirements for liberalizing trade and competition. The banking sector is closed to foreign investment and other ventures must be 51% owned by a local partner. The exceptions to these rules are in free zones, where 100% foreign ownership is permitted. The limitations on foreign direct investment deter the process of economic diversification. Abu Dhabi is the most resistant to opening its economy, but it has pursued private sector involvement to improve infrastructure regarding water and power. Dubai has chosen to focus its efforts on expanding its services sector by creating Dubai Internet City (DIC) and Dubai Media City (DMC), which are free zones where investors can retain 100% ownership. Dubai also allows foreign investors to own property and purchase shares in UAE listed companies. The UAE typically runs a budget deficit, and the 2002 budget projects one of Dh2. 17bn. Federal spending is expected to increase by 2. 2%, and revenue is expected to grow by 3%. Abu Dhabi, Dubai and the UAE Central Bank are the main contributors to the federal budget.

Political Risk in Venezuela

The political climate in Venezuela is very unsettled, this is because of the course of action the president decides to take. However the biggest risk is to industry –type company’s that have major operations in Venezuela. This is exemplified in the operations of foreign oil companies and mining companies with operation in or with Venezuela. The greatest risk in conducting business is straightforward expropriation. Another major risk that foreign companies face while operating in Venezuela is increased income tax. The tax rates tend to be subjective and can change depending on the revenue and size (growth) of the company. The largest risk facing any foreign company such as the proposed from class is converting the local currency (Bolivar) to outside currency. This is mainly because of the bureaucracy involved exchanging the currency, which is governed by the Central Bank of Venezuela and the National Exchange Control Administration. This is especially applicable to the U. S. currency because of current relations. * The additional expenditures accumulate because of time and resources required to transfer money abroad. Venezuela's democracy is broken according to the standards of the OAS Inter-American Democratic Charter. This may mean that changes to the political climate to further burden the operations of business will prove to be futile. Living Conditions Venezuela has a national poverty percentage of 52% according to the World Bank. There is considerable income inequality, especially in densely populated areas. This becomes a concern because Venezuela has had massive economic growth compared to historical percentages. The unemployment rate is 6. 6% at the year-end of 2009. This is considered to be low when factoring in that many people engage in subsistence farming and small-scale trade, which is not considered part of the unemployment count. There is a large gap in income where the population is considerably wealthy or poor to very poor. The population averages out to upper middle class income. The World Bank states that the GNI per capita in Venezuela is $12,370 USD in 2009 (The World Bank). However with 95% literacy rate we can deduce that many Venezuelans are well educated. This widens the market segment for products that involve interaction with the individual. One such example would be exercise products that come with routines by book and/or video. Inner city residents live in apartments, condominiums and small houses, which are in close proximity. The cost of living increases closer to the city center especially in large cities such as Caracas. The inner city residents are mostly middle class to upper middle class. Upper class Venezuelans live outside the city usually in the hills in gated communities. The lower class lives in slums located in the perimeter of the cities and use public transportation to go to the city center. The lower class may also live on estates and work for the upper class in large numbers especially on large farms. Reference http://data.worldbank.org/country/venezuela-rb www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35766.htm

James on Whether and When It Is Ok to Believe without Sufficient Evidence

Clifford/James on Whether and When It Is Ok to Believe without Sufficient Evidence Clifford/James argument is devoted to the issue that there are cases when people have to believe the information without additional arguments and proofs. This statement cannot be agreed on as there are no cases when people are to believe others without supportive arguments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Clifford/James on Whether and When It Is Ok to Believe without Sufficient Evidence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is possible to accept the evidence without any arguments, however, one will still need the argumentation. The acceptance of the argument without support does not mean the belief in it. The belief without sufficient evidence may lead to disappointment in a person who has offered an idea. There are a lot of cases when trusting someone without asking supportive argumentation people were left frustrated at the end when it came out that the opinion of another person was wrong. One of the main reasons why it is impossible to trust without sufficient evidence is that all people have a different vision of life and situations, therefore, being good enough for a person, the issue may seem negative for another one and the arguments may help give a vision of what one is talking about. One of the most spread examples of this idea is the purchase of the service. Having used the services of a master, one person may be satisfied with the work. Chanting the praises of the master, a person may give a recommendation to another one, however, this is a bad idea to believe without arguments. The quality is an abstract notion and different people understand it in various ways. When someone is sure that the quality means the pleasant appearance after the work of the master is completed, others may be sure that quality is the way how the work has been performed, the quality of the materials used, etc. Therefore, it may be stated that the different vision of the quality of a performed work does not all ow people to trust without arguments. Another example of the similar statement is when people give pieces of advice about the vacation. One should not believe without arguments why the place is great for having a vacation as for some people noisy place with active entertainments is an ideal place for spending time while others may believe that a good rest is possible only when a silence is the only support of a person. Tastes differ, therefore, it is impossible to dwell upon absence of arguments if one wants to remain satisfied. When people dwell upon some issues they usually consider their personal point of view from the personal life position. This statement is correct, however, there is no any guarantee that another person has the same life position, likes and visions. Thus, the argumentation is important.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Both, Clifford and James are sure that there are cases when a statement may be trusted without additional arguments. However, I have provided several situations when the belief without any explanation may lead to complete dissatisfaction, as a result. Various people have different points of view, tastes and a vision of life. These aspects are very important in decision making, therefore, relying on somebody’s statement without any supportive arguments one risks pity about it in the future. Clifford and James are wrong as trusting others without sufficient arguments may lead to disappointment. All the statements are to be supported with argumentation, otherwise, people risk remain dissatisfied and never trust others as having been deceived once people will search faults in other pieces of advice. Nevertheless, the acceptance of the opinion of another person is possible only if one knows for sure what arguments may be offered.

Schmitz Surname Meaning and Family History

Schmitz Surname Meaning and Family History The surname Schmitz is an occupational surname for blacksmith or metalworker, from the German word schmied or the Danish smed. In some cases it was used as a patronymic form of Schmidt, meaning son of Schmidt. See also the surnames SCHMIDT and SMITH. SCHMITZ  is the 24th most common German surname. Surname Origin:  German, Danish Alternate Surname Spellings:   SCHMID, SCHMITT, SCHMIDT Famous People with the Surname SCHMITZ: James Henry Schmitz - American science fiction writerJupp Schmitz  - German musician and entertainerBruno Schmitz - German architectJohannes Andreas Schmitz - 17th century Dutch physicianE. Robert Schmitz - Franco-American pianist and composerLeonhard Schmitz - German-born classical scholar and educator Where is the SCHMITZSurname Most Common? The SCHMITZ surname today is most prevalent in Germany, according  to surname distribution from  Forebears, where it ranks as the 25th most common surname. It is more common  based on population percentage, however, in the small country of Luxembourg, where it is the 6th most common last name. According to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, Schmitz  is extremely common throughout the country of Luxembourg, especially in the Diekirch region.  It is also especially frequent in the Nordrhein-Westfalen and Rheinland-Pfalz regions of Germany. Surname maps from Verwandt.de also indicate Schmitz is most common in western Germany, in places such as Cologne, Rhein-Seig-Kreis, Rhein-Erft-Kreis, Rhein-Kreis Neuss, Euskirchen,  Dà ¼ren, Aachen, Viersen,  Mà ¶nchengladbach and  Dà ¼sseldorf. Genealogy Resources for the Surname SCHMITZ German Surnames - Meanings and OriginsUncover the meaning of your German last name with this guide to the origins of German surnames and the meanings of the top 50 most common  German surnames. Schmitz  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Schmitz  family crest or coat of arms for the Schmitz surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Smith DNA ProjectOver 2,400 individuals with the Smith surname- including variations such as Schmidt, Smythe, Smidt and Schmitz- have joined this DNA project to use DNA in combination with genealogy research to sort out over 220 distinct groups of Smith descendants. Schmitz  Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Schmitz  surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Schmitz query. FamilySearch - SCHMITZ  GenealogyExplore over 5.5 million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Schmitz  surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. SCHMITZ  Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Schmitz  surname. DistantCousin.com - SCHMITZ  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Schmitz. GeneaNet - Schmitz  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Schmitz  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Schmitz  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Schmitz  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.   - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Should We Do More To Deal With The Problem Of Domestic Violence, Or Is Research Paper

Should We Do More To Deal With The Problem Of Domestic Violence, Or Is The Problem Exsggerated - Research Paper Example Before going into the discussion regarding whether problem of domestic violence exists or not, let us get a better understanding of what domestic violence actually is. Domestic violence is a type of violence that occurs in a family. Some close family relationships such as husband, wife, children, or people having blood relationships with each other are generally involved in the domestic violence. One of the biggest dilemmas regarding domestic violence is that women generally are not aware of their basic rights which are given to them by the governments and that is the reason why they do not speak a word in front of anyone as the result of which they are constantly tortured and violated by their husbands. Although a lot of research on the issue of domestic violence has been done in the past, but we hardly find any research typically based on the issue of domestic violence as a real or exaggerated problem. However, there is some helpful research, which is done on different topics related to domestic violence. I will also make use of previous research in order to get a suitable answer to my question. Berrios and Grady assert, â€Å"Domestic violence is a pervasive and frequently unrecognized cause of injury among women†. Domestic violence can also be defined as those violent behaviors that are shown by one person to the other person in order to gain or maintain a psychological or physical edge over the other person. Stets, in his research, found that repeated violent acts usually occur due to the desire of men to take control of the behavior of women living around them. Richarson and Feder found that a large number of women having relationships with their boyfriends and husbands undergo physical injuries, mental cruelty, and forced sexual relationships. In the past, the issue of domestic violence was not considered an important issue. That is the reason why it has come out as one of the major problems for the today’s world. People also did not use to think much

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing - Assignment Example The purpose of SWOT analysis is to provide a realistic appraisal of the firm and the environment in which it operates. SWOT provides a basis for the formulation of realistic goals and objectives and strategies for their implementation. Without a SWOT analysis the firm's planning process is fatally flawed. Planning is an information-based activity and, without information planning, quickly degenerates into a political exercise in selling individual biases and preconceptions. Further complicating matters is that if SWOT is not essentially conducted, there is no basis upon which to assess progress toward the accomplishment of goals and objectives; and the accountability upon which managerial control is based also quickly degenerates. There are significant benefits to SWOT. By the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the organization, strategies can be designed to efficiently allocate the organization's resources, hence increasing overall organizational effectiveness. SWOT c an identify profitable opportunities and high-risk ventures that enhance the firm's effectiveness. Preventive measures can be designed to avoid major environmental threats that may save large amounts of resources that might otherwise be required to correct damage from those environmental threats. ... There are several environments in which a firm functions. These environments are the economic environment, the sociopolitical environment, and the technological environment. Each of these environments has important components and implications for the strategic planning process. The economic environment consists of both factor and product markets considerations. The availability of supporting market structures, intermediate goods, labor, and the price levels within these areas will determine the costs of production for the firm. The product market; its relative competitiveness, whether it is expanding or contracting; and its continued viability will determine the ability of the firm to generate revenues from that market. The case presented here examines the crisis and ongoing problems of Marks & Spencer, one of Britain's best known retail brands that has experienced after many years of unbroken success. The case examines the factors that contributed to perhaps the most serious threat that the company has faced in its over 100-year history and identifies the implications for the company's future public relations strategy. Marks & Spencer (M&S) is one of the UK's largest, best-known retailers and their brand has been synonymous with reliability, value and quality for generations. Marks & Spencer has been viewed as setting the standards that other retailers have striven to match over the years and, until recently, was recognized as one of Britain's best-managed companies with an enviable track record of successful growth and profits. The company has consistently been rated as Britain's 'most favored company' in surveys among business leaders. The name

Illegal immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Illegal immigration - Essay Example However, such immigrations adversely affect the economy and society of the United States. The thesis statement for this paper is, ‘economics and social costs of illegal immigration outweigh the number of associated benefits’. Social and Economic Cost of Illegal Immigration Illegal immigrations put a damaging impact on the economy of a country. Some of the main effects on the economy of a country due to large-scale illegal immigrations include increased poverty, less job opportunities for local people, and decreased foreign investment because of increased fear of crimes in immigrant-populated areas. Immigrants are cutting down the wage levels for local Americans (Porter, n. p.). Reports show that many companies in the United States prefer to hire illegal immigrants because they are willing to work for low salaries as compared to the salaries that local people demand. Such situations result in decreasing the number of job opportunities for local people because companies fi ll many job positions with people who demand less money in exchange for job and confidentiality about their legal status in the country. Such situations also cause an increase in the graph of poverty in a country because when local people will not have jobs, they will face shortage of money, and their spending power will decrease as well. Overpopulation in the host country is also an effect of illegal immigrations. The demand and supply system also gets affected due to illegal immigrations because economic analysts cannot count the presence of illegal people accurately. In the United States, increase in the number of crimes is also associated with large-scale illegal immigrations. Some percentage of illegal immigrants start engaging in criminal activities when they do not get proper job opportunities even in the developed countries. Increased drug trafficking in the United States is also associated with large-scale illegal immigrations. As Go states, â€Å"the US suffers an annual loss of about 70 billion dollars due to drug-related illnesses, death, and drug related crimes.† Along with high economic impact, crimes and violence also affect the society. Crimes cause threat and terror in the minds of local people because of which they start thinking negatively about all immigrants. Benefits of Illegal Immigration Although there are no apparent benefits of illegal immigrations, if we analyze the positive effects of presence of illegal immigrants deeply, we come to know that they do play a little part in keeping the system running. For example, they do low profile jobs from which legal citizens usually keep themselves away, such as, sanitary jobs, waiter jobs, and petrol filling worker jobs. Illegal immigrants do such jobs to earn their livings by hiding themselves from the law enforcement agencies. As Mauriello states, â€Å"one of the perceived benefits of illegal immigration is that of filling in of low wage jobs that a regular American would not be wil ling to accept.† Rights of Illegal Immigrants Basic rights of a person remain the same wherever a person lives and in whatever way a person arrives to the other country. In the U.S. constitution, the Fifth, Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments protect the basic rights of all individuals living in the United States. The law grants protection to every individual and applies law for illegal immigrants. Although illegal immigrants

Clothing as a Form of Nonverbal Communication

Clothing as a Form of Nonverbal Communication Researching this topic has been interesting and this essay will show that dress is a central form of communication, through the many studies around this topic. Different cultures use dress to represent values central to their faith. Children are dressed in uniforms to make them all the same and principals believe this helps them to behave. Different pieces of clothing can represent very unique things in various countries, showing that dress is a central form of communication. 68% of patients said that they were more comfortable with their health professions dressing in a professional manner. (Lascher et al, 2006) This included a white coat in 96% of answers. (Lascher et al, 2006) This study suggests that patients feel more comfortable with doctors in profressional dress, this is just one example of how clothing can evoke trust in a non-verbal manner. I once saw a quote which says alot for this essay We act the way we dress. Neglected and untidy clothes reflect a neglected and untidy mind If we dress a certain way we attribute certain characteristics such as the professional and calm manner a doctor represents in his white coat, it makes him appear knowledgable and trustworthy. In Ireland if a person were to wear a red bandana, not many would bat an eyelid, however if the same Irish person were to travel with their bandana they would evoke very different responses in different places. For example in Australia a red bandana would tell people that the person was an activist, or if the person wore their bandana in Indonesia theyd be considered a rebel fighter. (Maynard, 2005, p. 102) Clothing and dress can tell us many things about people. In the western world, men and women will often wear wedding rings when they are married, and women have an engagement ring to show their intent to marry. This however is specific to cultures, as in the hindu culture, a woman puts red powder on the parting of her hair to show she is married but in her culture also shows her husband is alive and well. (Barnes Eicher, 1993, p. 207) The Hindu culture is a good example of the non-verbal functions of dress. A man who is familiar with the hindu dress rules would know details such as when a woman is menstruating by the way she presents herself. (Barnes Eicher, 1993, pp. 200-207) A hindu widow only wears garments which have not been dyed such as plain colours like white and cream. (Barnes Eicher, 1993, pp. 204-6) Hinduism puts the appearance of a future child in direct association with how a wife dresses and acts. (Barnes Eicher, 1993) If the women is menstruating and she brushes her hair the scriptures say her child will be bald. (Barnes Eicher, 1993) Dress in clearly central in communication within the Hindu culture. The islam religion also brings interesting dress styles to the public. The wearing of a burqa in the muslim tradition has been controversial in western society with Jacque Shiraq banning all students in France from wearing the burqa, he is now attempting to ban the burqa completely from France. Islam prefers women to be covered up completely so that she does not attract any attention to herself. (Al-Islamiyah) She is allowed dress to the taste that pleases her husband once they are behind closed doors, but outside her home she must cover up her whole body. (Al-Islamiyah) Western society criticises these dress rules as they appear to oppress the woman, however muslims argue that this protects the women and allows her be treated more like a human being than a sex object. (Al-Islamiyah) This source argues that western dress sense allows women be exploited and creates problems such as trying to stay young and beautiful enough so that you remain married. This is one side to a story, a side which is neither right nor wrong but definietly illustrates that within the muslim culture dress is a central form of communication. Their dress sense to them shows others respect and illustrates loyalty and dignity, values similar to the values western patients put on their doctors when they wore a white coat. This shows us that we assign values and certain beliefs to people by what they wear. The muslim women who choose to wear the burqa are devoted to their religion, they are respectful of their familys beliefs and their culture and they are loyal to their husband. (Al-Islamiyah) These values then portray ideas to the general public, such as the muslim women must be for example, dedicated in things she believes in, so if that women were to apply for a job associated with many hours the interviewer might give her a better chance knowing that she would be dedicated. Western culture dress is very different from the muslim burqa. Here in Ireland the main arguments with regard to dress are uniforms in school, whether work places allow workers to wear smart casual or purely smart clothes. Is the act of wearing a uniform represent a deeper meaning? I think it does, for example all of the police forces around the world have uniforms to show the people who they are and also represent the power they have. This is true also for armed forces, if you even think to when children used to play games, if you put feathers in your hair you became an Indian, dressing can show us roles which helps in the processes of communication. People always say first impressions are important and a person makes up their mind whether to hire you in the first twenty seconds of meeting you so it is clear dress is a major part of communication. How much verbal communication can one show in twenty seconds? It must therefore be non-verbal so includes dress, body language and expres sions. So we must learn to dress for occasions. Dress is even more important in everyday life in the western world. People meet their husbands and wives for the first time often by catching someones attention by their clothing. This is why fashion has become so important in Ireland today. The issue of uniforms in school, is principals believe that children conform to rules better in a uniform way when dressed the same. Having experienced a no uniform day in a school on my placement I have witnessed the chaos children reek in the school yard in their own clothes. There have been studies done on uniforms and 85% of schools thought that dress-codes not uniforms help improve behaviour. (Lumsden Miller, 2002) They also reported that there was less sexual harassment and it helped prepare the students for the working world they would be joining in a short few years. (Lumsden Miller, 2002) What they wear on these non uniform days can tell their friends something about them, for example a girl wearing track-suit bottoms might illustrate she is a tom-boy. That girl wouldnt have to say she is a tomboy but just by wearing the outfit she would be showing her class that she thinks she has characteristics to that label. Children who have uniforms are also less likely to be bullied for the clothes they wear. (Clark, 2007) Children agree that wearing a uniform makes them less likely to behave badly outside of school as they would be easily identified. (Clark, 2007) This shows as well that uniforms can be a form of identity which is all part of communication. A person from a community might recognise a pupil from a school by their uniform and instantly form ideas about them based on this, so the uniform also adds to the first impression a person may get. The argument for uniforms is a part of this essay as many Irish schools have uniforms and thus we identify many children through this part of their clothing and the uniform becomes a central part of communication. The way we dress in western society can also influence others opinions of us. If one dresses smart for an interview and looks clean, then what does the employer think? (Clodfelter) What one wears would tell an employer that the person is trustworthy, is professional and has a level of confidence needed for the job. (Clodfelter) The way we dress can tell others the social class we are in, the level of success we have enjoyed and the type of moral character we are. (Clodfelter) Dressing appropriately for interviews can also show your educational status, your economical level in society and the heritage you had. If first impressions can tell a person all of that information how can dress not be a central part of communication? With regard to social care, it is clear although many agencys do not have uniforms such as scrubs, staff are expected to wear clothes which are suitable. In child care, student placements are often expected to wear either black trousers or jeans which fit properly, and tops which are not offensive to anyone and also cover all areas of the midrift, back and chest. (University of Heuston Child Care Centre) In some social care centres staff all wear the same top which makes them easily identifiable to service users and the public alike. It makes communication easier, for example if you are in a shop and need some assistance you would spot a member of staff quicker if they are dressed in a retail specific t-shirt. In western society we dress to tell people we are a certain kind of person. Successful men dress in suits and formal attire to work, they wear ties. Trades men buy expensive work pants and expensive brands of tools to show they are on a high paid job. Many women buy themselves branded handbags thinking it makes them that bit classier than the next woman. Children beg for the expensive branded sneakers and clothes to show their friends that they are cool. Teenagers wear low cut tops on nights out to show that they are growing up, they wear short skirts to rebel against their parents. Young people get tattoos to show their support for something or someone or maybe just to fit in to society. The middle-aged sometimes wear clothes that make them appear slimmer, taller, better endowed, but why do we do all these seemingly crazy things? We do this to portray our feelings, to make ourselves feel a certain way, to show others a part of ourselves they may not have seen yet. These reasons are all showing that dress can be a central part of nonverbal communication.

The Debate Concerning Medical Marijuana Essay -- legalization of marij

In Nov. 1996 the people of the State of California approved proposition 215, the initiative that could make marijuana legally available as a medicine in the U.S. for the first time in 60 years. Under this initiative the government will not prosecute patients or their caregivers who possess or cultivate marijuana for medical treatment. The medical recommendation may be either written or oral and doctors cannot be penalized by the state of Arizona at the same time. However at this time it is still illegal to posses, administer, sell or use marijuana in any of the other 48 states across the U.S. Why haven’t the rest of the country followed the lead of these two states? What this paper attempts to do is provide an argument that it is immoral to deny seriously ill patients the right to use marijuana for medical purposes, and that the current misconceptions about marijuana have been grossly overstated. Basically I’m going to prove the marijuana has been given a bum rap. Currently there is question as to whither there is a valid use for marijuana for medicinal use. This question has been the spark for much controversy. â€Å"There is no evidence to prove marijuana’s use in chemotherapy. There are numerous alternative drugs that obviate the need to even pursue research on the subject.† Our course scientific research would give use a different opinion than the one above that current President Bill Clinton has stated above. Marijuana’s therapeutic uses are well documented in the modern scientific literature. Using either smoked marijuana or oral preparations of delta-9-THC (marijuana’s main active ingredient), researchers have conducted controlled studies. These studies demonstrate marijuana’s usefulness in â€Å"reducing nausea and vomiting, † â€Å"stimulating appetite, promoting weight gain, and diminishing intraocular pressure from glaucoma. † There is also evidence that smoked marijuana and/or TH C â€Å"reduce muscle spasticity form spinal chord injuries and multiple sclerosis, and diminish tremors in multiple sclerosis patients. † Other therapeutic uses for marijuana have not been widely studied. However, patients and physicians have reported that smoked marijuana have not been widely studied. However patients and physicians have reported that smoked marijuana â€Å"provides relief from migraine headaches, depression, seizures, insomnia, convulsion, and chronic pai... ...tion Act of 1994, Farmington, MA (20 October 1994 York, Sarah., â€Å"The Battle for Medical Marijuana† The Nation, v246 n1 p14 (Jan 6, 1997) Ibid.,Ibid., Grinspoon, L. and Bakalar, J.B., Marijuana: The Forbidden Medicine, Revised and Expanded Edition, New Haven: Yale University Press (1997) Morganthau, Tom, â€Å"The War over Weed†, Newsweek v129 n5 p20 (Feb. 3 1997) Ibid., p20 Mcwiliams Peter, â€Å"The General’s Loophole†, Playboy v46 n12 p61 (Dec. 1999) Benson, John., â€Å"From Marijuana To Medicine†, Issues in Science and Technology, v15 i3 p27 (Spring 1999) Grinspoon, Lester., â€Å"Prescribing the Forbidden Medicine†, Playboy, v45 n8 p42 (August 1998) Armentano, Paul., Could The FDA Approve Medical Marijuana?† High Times, n226 p40 (August 1998) Randall, R.C., Marijuana, Medicine and the Law, Washington, DC: Galen Press p27 (1986) Drug Reform Coordination Rist, Curtist., â€Å"Weed the People† People Weekly, v46 n17 p75 (Oct. 21 1996) Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics Act, Section 505 Randall, R.C., Cancer Treatment and Marijuana, Washington, DC: Galen Press (1990) Gingrich, N., â€Å"Legal Status of Marijuana,† Journal of the American Medical Association p247 (1982)

Aristotle vs. Plato Essay

Born in Northern Greece, Aristotle’s father was a court physician to the king of Macedon where Aristotle himself would be requested by King Philip II to tutor his son Alexander (who grew up to become â€Å"Alexander the Great†). Aristotle, one of the most influential thinkers in philosophy including political theory is also known as the legendary Greek philosopher, logician, scientist, and student of Plato. Aristotle studied in Plato’s Academy in Athens. Plato being the student of Socrates and also known as the father of political theory helped educate and shape the mind of young Aristotle who then became  known as the first political scientist. It was the diverse atmosphere in which Aristotle was raised, along with his education and then his many travels that gave him the depth of being able to experience and see the good and the faults in the world. Aristotle saw philosophy within the physical world. He believed that our truths came from physically breaking down systems and examining them to understand them. He had experience with traveling and seeing different world regimes. Aristotle believed one had to break things down empirically and scientifically. Thus gaining his title of political scientist who used  scientific methods to analyze and conclude his beliefs, thoughts, and opinions. Aristotle believed that one must think critically and rationally using inductive reason and an empiricist approach. Aristotle studied over 100 regimes and analyzed which ones were the strongest, how they functioned, and which best served the people. He concluded that the best type of government regime was that of one with a strong middle class to balance the upper and lower classes to create the most stable and just society. He believed that this regime would be a combination of aspects from a polity (an elected government that has the  majority of the common people’s best interest), aristocracy (rule by the rich but with the people’s interest in mind), and monarchy (a single ruler if there is the potential that that city has a qualified ruler as such which Aristotle admits is rare and can easily turn into tyranny). Aristotle felt that most people did not have enough intelligence or power to handle running the government so it is best to put those in power who do. In his work, The Politics, Aristotle is explains that a city is made up of many people, many individuals who possess different views and values. It is the  diverse group of the city that makes it a city. If a city were to become more and more a unit then it would lose its uniqueness in opinions and make up and defeat the entire definition of a city. Aristotle believes that people are entitled to their own thoughts, opinions, and ownership. He states in his work (Politics, page 40-41) that is not in the nature of a city to be a unit. Aristotle believes that cities are made up different parts and different entities that work together as a whole. They do not function as one but rather work together. Aristotle states that extreme unification of a city is not a good  thing. Aristotle states that â€Å"The city exists for the sake of a good life†, meaning that a city is there to function as an outlet to meet the needs of each of its citizens. Each citizen has his own need to be met. Aristotle realizes that what makes one person happy may not make the other happy. â€Å"It is obvious that a city which goes on becoming more and more of a unit will eventually cease to be a city at all. A city, by its nature, is some sort of plurality† (Aristotle, p. 39). Aristotle is arguing that if a city becomes more and more unified then only one voice is heard and it will then lack the very  unique components of different voices, functions, and views that made it a city in the first place. Aristotle believed that a cities purpose was to enhance plurality, a diversified city that comes together to function. Known as the first political philosopher, Plato saw all physical things to be illusionary, to be â€Å"a shadow of reality† (Simile of a Cave) and he stated that humans are falsely led by their senses. Because of this, according to Plato- only a society lead by Philosophers is a just society (Republic 473-475). Plato believes that philosophers are the only ones to seek out absolute truth and  justice and will therefore be more educated and more inclined to make the best decisions for the group. At the same time Plato thought that every person had the potential to obtain reason, truth, and knowledge by â€Å"stepping out of the cave and seeing the â€Å"light†. Plato believed that if people were educated properly then they would make good decisions. He believed people’s basic nature to be good. Whereas Aristotle tended to more of a realist and knew that some people did not have it in them to â€Å"reason† or to â€Å"see the light†. In his book, The Republic, Plato discusses his belief in creating a city like  utopia where there are no classes and everyone shares everything including women, children and property. Plato’s views are a bit unrealistic because he seems to not take into consideration human nature. Humans are naturally competitive and with time would become more individualistic. Plato would not agree with Aristotle’s passage that a city that grows into a unit will eventually cease to be a city. Plato on the contrary would state that the more of a unit the city becomes, the more of Utopia it will be with everyone in common thought and agreement, common ownership of land, animals, and women. Plato’s ideal city was that of a Utopian that would be governed by philosophers. He desired a perfect society with no problems where people were happy. His society would consist of three classes: rulers, auxiliaries and laborers. The rulers would be the philosopher kings, would always rule the state. The auxiliaries (warriors) would defend the state and the laborers would be responsible for material production of goods needed by the state. Plato believed that the philosopher kings should run the state being that they are the wisest and best possible candidates. Plato was completely molded by his teacher Socrates, taking on all of his  thoughts and philosophies whereas Plato’s student Aristotle took on many of his own conclusions and thoughts many times contradicting Plato’s. Plato was more of a dreamer while Aristotle was more of a realist. Where Plato sought out the â€Å"Utopia ideal situation†, Aristotle sought out how to better the current situation. Another difference about Aristotle and Plato’s approach is that Plato is more focused on the perfection of the world and how people come to know about this. While Aristotle focuses more on the observations in nature and he knows not everything in nature is perfect. Aristotle, unlike  Plato, was not focused or concerned about the idea of a perfect society; instead he wanted to improve upon the one that he was part of during his existence. He believed that society should strive to utilize the best system it can attain. He felt that utopia was unrealistic and pointless. It would be best that society was at its highest potential and you can only improve upon the existing one. Therefore the unity of a city would diminish the individuality and different components that uniquely make up a city, thus in the end the destruction of the very meaning and function of what a city ought to be.

Leonardo Da Vinci: Science and Paintings

Leonardo Da Vinci: Science and Paintings Leonardo was a polymath which means he was very knowledgeable and had a large number of expertise’s in many different subjects, a polymath is also known as a renaissance man which Leonardo was titled by many people. He was the first to combine math and science together. Da Vinci started the science revolution which revolutionized the way that scientists researched their information ever since. Leonardo Da Vinci is widely known as one of the greatest painters of all time and has created many iconic and famous paintings.He used his knowledge of science and his artistic talent together to enhance his artwork. He used objects and pieces of objects that would affect the way light appeared on some of his work and used his study of land to enhance and create nature backgrounds and paintings. Leonardo never finished his work in a short period time he always took a few years or more to complete them in means for his most famous pieces. The Mona Lisa is one of the most famous pieces of his collection. Mona Lisa is the best known, most visited, most written about, the most sung about and the most replicated art painting in the world.Mona was a painting of another man’s wife that had been asked to be painted. Leonardo never returned the painting back to the couple even though he was paid to do the painting. This painting was started in 1503/1504 and was worked away at slowly until 1519. The Last Supper is another very famous painting of his. This painting is the most reproduced religious painting of all time. The painting showed Jesus and his twelve disciples eating supper when he announced that one of the disciples would betray him. This painting was started in 1495 and was completed in 1498.