Share Capital

? Offer CAPITAL Share capital is the Funds brought by giving offers up as a byproduct of money or different contemplations. The measure of offer capital an organization has can change after some time on the grounds that each time a business offers new offers to the general population in return for money, the measure of offer capital will increment. Offer capital can be made out of both normal and favored offers. Each offer conveying a vote in the administration of the business, administrative control might be constrained. The approved capital of an organization is the greatest measure of offer capital that the organization is approved by its protected records to issue to shareholders.Issued Capital is the estimation of the offers gave to investors. This implies the ostensible estimation of the offers as opposed to their real worth. The measure of gave capital can't surpass the mount of the approved capital. Kinds of Share Capital:- Redeemable Shares Ownership shares that the giving b usiness may repurchase. Some redeemable offers are compulsorily redeemable and must be repurchased by the backer on a specific date or on the event of a predefined occasion, for example, the demise of a proprietor. Inclination SharesPreference shares contrast from normal offers in giving the holder particular rights to get a portion of yearly benefits. A customary profit can't be delivered except if all inclination profits due have been come up with all required funds. Inclination shares are additionally higher in the lender progressive system than common offers, and have a special option to get the returns of removal of the benefits in case of an organization going into liquidation. They are thusly less hazardous than conventional offers, despite the fact that they are legitimately share capital too. There are three further kinds of inclination shares:- Participating inclination shares Preference shares which, notwithstanding delivering a predetermined profit, qualifies inclination investors for take part in getting an extra profit if conventional investors are delivered a profit over an expressed sum. Convertible inclination shares An inclination share that can be changed over into normal offers at aset transformation cost. An organization may give them to fund a significant acquisitions without expanding the company’s equipping or weakening the EPS of the conventional offers. Redeemable inclination sharesA inclination share which must be repurchased by the organization at a concurred date and at a concurred cost Deferred Shares An offer that doesn't reserve any options to the advantages of an organization experiencing insolvency until all normal and favored investors are paid. Where it exits, it will rank behind every other offer for profit. Non-casting a ballot Shares An offer which value that doesn't have a vote, despite the fact that it is qualified for a portion of the benefits. The term isn't generally applied to inclination shares, in spite of the fact that inclination share don't have votes, they get a fixed dividend.Retained benefit:- Retained benefit is the benefit stayed with in the as opposed to paid out to investors as a profit. Held benefit is generally viewed as the most significant long haul wellspring of fund for a business. Profit payable:- The measure of profits which have been pronounced by a company’s top managerial staff and which are committed to be paid to investors. In the event that the profit yield falls, at that point the offer turns out to be less appealing contrasted with different ventures, interest for it will fall, and gracefully will increment as financial specialists wish to sell. Paper data on share:- Many of the broadsheet papers incorporate a segment indicating security costs and related data including: the most noteworthy and least costs during the year; the end value the earlier day; the adjustment in cost over the past exchanging day; profits net of expense; profit spread; net yiel d; and the P/E proportion. Offer classes:- Shares are classified by the organization type and exchanging recurrence: ? Alphas These are the portions of the most esteemed organizations which are commonly intensely exchanged and managed in by an enormous number of market-creators. Costs are posted quickly on SEAQ ? BetasThese are likewise enormous organization protections, however they are not as intensely exchanged as alphas. They should have at any rate four market-producers managing in them and costs cited on SEAQ are those at which firm arrangements can be made. ?Gamma These protections are exchanged lessfrequently than betas and the costs cited for them are simply characteristic. ?Deltas These are the least exchanged of all and no costs are really appeared, essentially signs of a seller's advantage. Penny shares:- Penny shares will be shares which have a low an incentive with the offer or offer spread of such offers surpassing 10% of their market value.Investors purchase such off ers with the expectation that the market has underestimated their possibilities and that they will make a significant benefit when the value recuperates. Techniques for giving offers:- One manner by which a firm can extend is to give extra value â€usually on the principle Stock Exchange or second-level market, either by a cited organization giving extra offers or by an unquoted organization acquiring a citation. An unquoted organization may likewise wish to give shares without being drifted. Setting or Selective Marketing’s:- This strategy is frequently utilized for an organization wishing to be skimmed just because and to give a little issue, or by a cited organization wishing to raise extra fund. It includes protections' securing by a market-creator with the goal that they can be bought by few speculators. Offer For deal. This is the place the organization which is giving the offers will offer the offers to a giving house. For the most part a dealer bank will go about as a giving house. The offers purchased over by the giving house will be re given to the general public.Under this technique the organization which is giving the offers can utilize the budgetary quality and the picture of the giving house to make. Typically the offers are offered at a fixed cost dictated by the company’s chiefs and their money related counselors. This is generally attempted by the association who is offering just because and an enormous issue. This is otherwise called open offer. The issue cost ought to be sufficiently low to be alluring to expected speculators, however sufficiently high to permit the necessary account to be raised without the issue of a greater number of offers than would normally be appropriate. PlacingThis is the place the organization which is completing the offer issue will choose huge institutional financial specialists and offer the offers by directing â€Å"road shows†. A street show is the place the organization will lead an int roduction to teach the chose speculators about the offer issue. This will be a minimal effort technique for giving the offers. A portion of the institutional financial specialists who will be keen on the offer issue will incorporate annuity reserves, unit trusts, investment associations, building social orders. The offers are given at a fixed cost to various institutional financial specialists who are drawn closer by the dealer before the issue takes place.Instead of participating in publicizing to the populace everywhere, the support or merchant taking care of the issue offers the offers to its own private customers. The expenses of this technique are extensively lower than those of a proposal available to be purchased. There are lower exposure costs and lawful expenses. A disadvantage of this technique is that the spread of investors isgoing to be increasingly constrained. Deal by delicate This is the place the organization which is giving the offers will call upon the financial s pecialists to offer the cost at which they are eager to purchase the shares.Therefore every individual speculator will demonstrate the amount of offers they hope to purchase and value they are happy to pay. The organization ought to choose a cost at which all the offers can be given and gather the most elevated conceivable income. This cost will be known as the strike cost. Financial specialists who offer a cost over this will be dispensed offers at the strike cost †not at the cost of their offer. The individuals who offer underneath the strike cost won't get any offers. This strategy is helpful in circumstances where it is very ifficult to esteem an organization, for example, where there is no practically identical organization previously recorded or where the degree of interest might be hard to survey. It is all the more exorbitant to control and numerous financial specialists will be put off by being given the grave errand of evaluating the share’s esteem. Momentary F inance:- Securitization:- The procedure through which a backer makes a budgetary instrument by consolidating other monetary resources and afterward showcasing various levels of the repackaged instruments to financial specialists. The procedure can include any sort of money related resource and advances liquidity in the marketplaceRight issue The term right issue is applied to the arrangement of giving offers to existing investors normally at a rebate from the market cost so as to raise further capital from existing investors. The offer must be on a correct premise in relation to the individuals existing holding as a small amount of property of all individuals qualified to get the offer. The privileges of investors to purchase the rights are known as pre-emptive rights. Figuring of issue cost. This is the sum that organization wishes to raise from the issue isolated by the quantity of new shares.It is essential to give an adequate number of offers with the goal that the issue cost is beneath current market cost. Estimation of cost after issue: ?Ex right cost ?Actual cost after issue †¢At current profit †¢At lower income †¢At higher profit Values of rights: The worth is the contrast between the cost of the correct offers and the ex-right offers. Different strategies: ?Subscription offers: A proposal for membership is a solicitation to general society by or for the sake of a backer to buy in for protections not yet gave or apportioned. ?Plan issue:If sensibly generous the organization may make an issue direct to people in general with unquestionably the base of help from the outside source. It is fairly strange due to the intricacy of the idea of the capital issue. ?Stock exchan

Features Of Connected Speech In English English Language Essay

Highlights Of Connected Speech In English Language Essay Obscured limits, sounds and even words that are totally gobbled up, bit and mutilated words that compel you to tune in with all your procured information and a general feeling of sadness that you are never going to deal with this remote tongue are nevertheless the most widely recognized disappointments communicated by the ESL students I have instructed. L2 clients taught in a framework that prides in training the most exact and suitable articulation leaves them dazed when they hear English (even scraps of discussion) as spoken by L1 clients. They endure a staggering decrease of phonetic data at the segmental level when they experience ordinary discourse (Brown, G.1990, p.60) Associated discourse is definitely not a natural component to even familiar speakers of English in India thus they will in general completely structure the words even in casual circumstances, giving the impression to L1 speakers and other L2 speakers that, hes so pompous about everything (Crystal and Davy 1975,p.8) In this paper I would break down the highlights of associated discourse in English, the issues they cause to L2 students in India. In the principal segment I will look at the highlights of associated discourse and move onto the difficulties they cause to L2 speakers particularly Indian ESL students. I might likewise want to investigate my own and the overarching disposition and practice towards learning and showing associated discourse. At long last I might want to distinguish the measures that I would apply in choosing the various parts of associated discourse appropriate to my getting the hang of/instructing condition. Associated discourse Underhill A (1994) characterizes associated discourse as a progression of sounds which are altered by an arrangement of disentanglements through which phonemes are associated, gathered and changed This improvement is an oblivious procedure and a large portion of the L1 speakers are frequently uninformed of this as they practice it. (Collins B, and I. Mees 2008). The objective of associated discourse is to decrease the articulatory exertion required to send the message. Despite the fact that entire pieces of phonetic subtleties are forgotten about by the L1 speaker to augment the simplicity of correspondence, local audience disentangles these messages utilizing the various sorts of help information in his collection. This decrease frequently happens inside words or words in a flood of discourse (Dalton C. what's more, B. Seidlhofer, 1994), where word limits get obscured. Words stream flawlessly, permitting the L1 speaker to utilize the pressure framework to underline the substance of the message. In this stream neighboring sounds are altered to take after one another Assimilation-; sounds are totally kept separate from words Elision-; and certain sounds possibly embedded between the words to meld the words at limits Linking-. Highlights of associated discourse Osmosis L1 speakers talk at a pace of 350 syllables for each moment in formal addresses and 400-450 words in casual discourse. (Crystal.D 1992; 1999) When the tongue needs to move starting with one articulating position then onto the next at this pace, just an estimation of the phoneme can be created. Accordingly all phonemes happening inside a word or in a flood of discourse impact each other and modify with the phonemes of their neighbors (Brown, G.1990). Underhill (1994) sums up absorption as the normal aftereffect of the different discourse organs compromising as they play out their unpredictable succession of movements㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ In spite of the fact that any solid can impact some other sound hypothetically osmosis is constrained to a couple of phonemes (Dalton C. furthermore, B. Seidlhofer, 1994) Alveolar consonants/t/,/d/and/n/toward the finish of a word frequently absorb to the spot of enunciation of the consonant toward the start of the following word (Underhill, 2005, p.60) Eã‰â ¡Ã£â€¹Ã¢  Incredible Britain /greã‰â ªtbritã‰â„ ¢n/ /greã‰â ªÃ£Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ pbrã‰â ªtã‰â„ ¢n/ Wont come /wã‰â„ ¢Ã£Å¡Ã¥ ntkãšå'm/ /wã‰â„ ¢Ã£Å¡Ã¥ nãšâ€ kãšå'm/ Somewhere around law /daãšå nbaã‰â ªlã‰â€ :/ /daãšå mbaã‰â ªlã‰â€ :/ Great young lady /gãšå dgã‰å:l/ /gãšå ggã‰å:l/ Elision At the point when the discourse exertion is decreased for most extreme effectiveness, the verbalization of individual phonemes gets debilitated. At the point when these phonemes are limited particularly they are dropped from associated discourse. Elision is the way toward dropping a sound (a vowel or a consonant), from a word when it is articulated as a component of associated discourse. RP sounds short and cut to L2 speakers and speakers of different assortments of English because of elision of the schwa (/Éâ„ ¢/) sound. The most normally omitted sounds in English are/t/,/d/and/Éâ„ ¢/. The consonants that are omitted nearly as every now and again as these are/v/and/ÃÆ'â °/ /t/ Initial three fã‰åstãžâ ¸ri fã‰åsãžâ ¸ri A year ago lã‰â€˜stjiã‰â„ ¢ lasjiã‰â„ ¢  /d/ ground pressure Éâ ¡raãšå ndpreãšæ'ã‰â„ ¢ Éâ ¡raãšå mpreãšæ'ã‰â„ ¢ Prohibited forever Bã ¦ndfã‰â„ ¢laã‰â ªf Bã ¦mfã‰â„ ¢laã‰â ªf /Éâ„ ¢/ Chocolate tãšæ'ã‰â€  kã‰â„ ¢ lã‰â„ ¢t tãšæ'ã‰â€ k lã‰â„ ¢t Vegetable vã‰â€ ºÃ£Å¡Ã¢ ¤Ã£â€°Ã¢â€ž ¢ tã‰â„ ¢ blãÅ"â © vã‰â€ ºÃ£Å¡Ã¢ ¤ tã‰â„ ¢ blãÅ"â © /v/ Weve been thinking about Wivbinkã‰â„ ¢nsideriã… â€ ¹ Wã‰â ªbã‰â ªnkã‰â„ ¢nsideriã… â€ ¹ Necessities of the Nidzã‰â„ ¢vãÆ'⠰ã‰â„ ¢ Nidzã‰â„ ¢Ã£Æ'⠰ã‰â„ ¢ /ÃÆ'â °/ I feel that was aã‰â ªÃ£Å¾Ã¢ ¸Ã£â€°Ã¢ ªÃ£â€¦ †¹kãÆ'⠰ã‰â„ ¢twã‰â„ ¢z Úå'ãžâ ¸Ã£â€°Ã¢ ªÃ£â€¦ †¹kã‰â„ ¢twã‰â„ ¢z Went the method of the WentãÆ'⠰ã‰â„ ¢weã‰â ªÃ£â€°Ã¢â€ž ¢vãÆ'⠰ã‰â„ ¢ Wentã‰â„ ¢weã‰â ªÃ£â€¹Ã¢ Ã£Æ'⠰ã‰â„ ¢ Vowel decrease Unstressed vowels in the flood of discourse are abbreviated and are regularly brought together to a schwa (/Éâ„ ¢/) sound. An unaccented diphthong in a comparable setting can lose the length of the vowel skim or could even be diminished to a monophthong. Must mãšå'st mã‰â„ ¢s There ÃÆ'â °eã‰â„ ¢ ÃÆ'⠰ãšâ€™ã‹â  Solid and powerless structures Capacity class words in unaccented positions are diminished to their powerless structures in associated discourse. The level of decrease relies upon the pace of discourse conveyance; the quicker the discourse, the more prominent the decrease of vowel sounds. Stronã‰â ¡ Frail What's more, à ¦nd Éâ„ ¢n Of É’v Éâ„ ¢v To tãšâ€ ¹ tã‰â„ ¢ Connecting Dalton C. what's more, B. Seidlhofer (1994) portray connecting as the outcome of two vowel sounds meeting at a vowel limit. In such circumstances an additional sound is embedded to check the change between the two vowels. Connecting/r/ In RP/r/isn't understood in articulation aside from when it is trailed by a vowel. In associated discourse/r/is verbalized when the accompanying word begins with a vowel. Sooner suã‹â nã‰â„ ¢ at some point or another suã‹â nã‰â„ ¢rã‰â€ Ã£â€¹Ã¢ leã‰â ªtã‰â„ ¢ Sure Úæ'ã‰â€ Ã£â€¹Ã¢  sufficiently sure Úæ'ã‰â€ Ã£â€¹Ã¢ rã‰â ªnãšå'f Meddlesome/r/ A few speakers embed a/r/in any event, when there is no/r/in the spelling. Meddlesome/r/conveys a specific social disgrace and taught L1 speakers regularly deny having a nosy/r/in their associated discourse. The nearness of nosy in associated discourse is very incessant among non-rhotic L1 speakers. Thought aã‰â ªdã‰â ªÃ£â€°Ã¢â€ž ¢ thought of it aã‰â ªdã‰â ªÃ£â€°Ã¢â€ž ¢rã‰â€™vã‰â ªt Meddling/w/and/j/ At the point when a word finishing in a vowel is trailed by another vowel, L1 speakers embed a consonant sound that is closer to the sound of the principal vowel. Éâ ¡o out É⠡ã‰â„ ¢Ã£Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ ¹waãšâ€ ¹t I am aã‰â ªjam She is Úæ'iã‹â jis Catenation In associated discourse, L1 speakers will in general interface the last consonant sound in a word with the principal vowel sound of the following word. Keep out kiã‹â p aãšâ€ ¹t Key frown kiã‹â  paãšâ€ ¹t A name Éâ„ ¢ neã‰â ªm A point Éâ„ ¢n eã‰â ªm Associated discourse Teach Reception and additionally Production? Difficulties to L2 students and educators An attention to associated discourse highlights is fundamental to encourage listening understanding in an ESL student. An absence of these highlights doesn't influence clarity definitely and the choice of how much (the degree) and when to change over the explanatory information to procedural information ought to be left to the L2 students. Jennifer Jenkins (2000) contends that the assimilatory procedure will be procured normally if students progress in their insight and control of the language is adequate to empower them to accelerate the pace of their discourse. Therefore we comprehend that a students procurement of information in one region would decidedly influence his presentation in another zone, and that despite the fact that most if not the entirety of this is prominently learnable with introduction to a L1 air, it isn't generally workable. The standards for instructing associated discourse would be shown up at by watching the openness to instruction learnability scale. What t he L2 students need now could be a reenactment of the maternal discourse to youngsters à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ moms switch back and forth among explained and twisted structures and this appears to empower the kids to create rules of correspondence between the model and mutilated structures they will ordinarily experience (Ratner 1984). Uncovering the L2 students to both cautious everyday discourse and fast informal discourse could assist them with understanding these assortments at a revelatory level and in this way position them for a procedural advancement at their own pace. Indian students of English (ILE) are new to the associated discourse highlight absorption. As far as I can tell I have seen that the informed speakers in India (so far as that is concerned even the uned

Compare and contrast the attitudes to war as reflected in for the :: English Literature

Look into the perspectives to war as reflected in for the fallen and the send off. 'For the fallen' and 'The Send-off' are sonnets composed illustrating perspectives towards war. While banyan passes on an admired, sentimental image of war that delineates the warriors as brave and valiant, Owens perspectives towards war are increasingly cynical in nature. Owen employments appearance versus reality to show the debasement and wretchedness of war. Binyan and Owen pass on their perspectives through the language, structure what's more, idyllic gadgets they utilize The perspectives to war in 'for the fallen' are devoted and romanticized. The initial lines, 'with glad thanksgiving,' recommend magnificence, glory and respect. Binyan passes on the thoughts that battling for your nation, and serving in the war is good. To underscore the respect of battling in the war banyan utilizes an allegorical portrayal of England as the capital mother. 'a mother for her kids,' through exemplifying England as a mother it is practically similar to Britain has sustained and molded her youngsters which are emblematic of the trooper which portrays the view that it was the officers obligation to battle for their nation. The redundancy of the words 'for her,' brings out blame in the perusers as banyan represents the demeanor at the time being that England has accomplished such a great deal for the warriors that it was anticipated from them to offer back to their nation. Differentiating to the enthusiastic and romanticized picture of war and serving your nation the portrayal that Owen passes on of war, is frightful and overwhelming,' the obscuring paths.' The symbolism of the 'obscuring path' could mirror the lives of the patches sent to war, it recommends that their passing were practically unavoidable and they were bound to death previously they small even sent off. The utilization of the word obscuring wipes out any trust the perusers may have and delineates Owens disposition that they're no expectation in battling and without trust there was no reason or point in battling. Owen additionally communicates certain defenselessness in the fighters as they are sent into a world which they know nothing about. So also Binyan exhibits a similar naivety and guiltlessness of the troopers that served in the war. 'They went with tunes to the fight,' proposes that the officers were ill-equipped and uninformed of the unforgiving real factors of war, which is reflected in the conduct. Binyan exhibits that the officers entered the combat zone with goals, the way that they were prepared to battle for their nation 'against the chances uncounted,' and went readily 'with tunes,' exhibits respect. Binyan follows this with, 'they were youthful,' which accentuates their naivety and honesty; the fighters were powerless however stayed 'valid for eye, consistent and aflow,' which Look into the perspectives to war as reflected in for the :: English Literature Look into the perspectives to war as reflected in for the fallen and the send off. 'For the fallen' and 'The Send-off' are sonnets composed illustrating perspectives towards war. While banyan passes on an admired, sentimental image of war that portrays the fighters as gallant and fearless, Owens perspectives towards war are increasingly negative in nature. Owen employments appearance versus reality to show the defilement and hopelessness of war. Binyan and Owen pass on their perspectives through the language, structure what's more, beautiful gadgets they utilize The perspectives to war in 'for the fallen' are devoted and romanticized. The initial lines, 'with pleased thanksgiving,' recommend glory, renown and respect. Binyan passes on the thoughts that battling for your nation, and serving in the war is good. To stress the respect of battling in the war banyan utilizes a figurative portrayal of England as the capital mother. 'a mother for her youngsters,' through embodying England as a mother it is practically similar to Britain has sustained and molded her kids which are emblematic of the warrior which portrays the view that it was the officers obligation to battle for their nation. The reiteration of the words 'for her,' brings out blame in the perusers as banyan delineates the demeanor at the time being that England has accomplished such a great deal for the warriors that it was anticipated from them to offer back to their nation. Differentiating to the enthusiastic and glorified picture of war and serving your nation the portrayal that Owen passes on of war, is frightful and overwhelming,' the obscuring paths.' The symbolism of the 'obscuring path' could mirror the lives of the fastens sent to war, it recommends that their passing were practically unavoidable and they were bound to death previously they small even sent off. The utilization of the word obscuring dispenses with any trust the perusers may have and shows Owens mentality that they're no expectation in battling and without trust there was no reason or point in battling. Owen likewise communicates certain helplessness in the officers as they are sent into a world which they know nothing about. Also Binyan shows a similar naivety and honesty of the fighters that served in the war. 'They went with tunes to the fight,' recommends that the troopers were ill-equipped and uninformed of the brutal real factors of war, which is reflected in the conduct. Binyan shows that the troopers entered the combat zone with desires, the way that they were prepared to battle for their nation 'against the chances uncounted,' and went readily 'with tunes,' shows respect. Binyan follows this with, 'they were youthful,' which stresses their naivety and blamelessness; the fighters were helpless yet stayed 'valid for eye, consistent and aflow,' which

Andy Warhol the Founder and a Major Figure Essay Example For Students

Andy Warhol the Founder and a Major Figure Essay Warhol was fixated by aspiration to get celebrated and affluent, and he realized the main was to accomplish this was confidence difficult work. In the asses, he moved to a spot on East 75th Street, his mom moved with him. Warhol had fruitful vocation as a business craftsman, he won a few honors from the Art Directors Club and the American Institute of Graphic Arts. In 1952, the craftsman had his first individual show at the Hugo Gallery, displaying Fifteen Drawings dependent on the Writing of Truman Capote. His work was displayed in a few Other settings during the asses, including his first gathering how at The Museum of Modern Art in 1956. Before long He had all of New York duplicating his work The asses was when Warhol started to make his first prints. They began generally dependent on funny cartoons like, Dick Tracy, Superman, and Popeye. In 1962 Warhol made prints of dollar notes and Campbell soup jars. He likewise did numerous prints on popular individuals, including Marilyn Monroe, John Wayne and Nanny Oakley, He was notable for making prints with slight shading change, Whorls most loved printmaking strategy was silkscreen. In this equivalent year, 1962, he mounded The Factory, it a workmanship studio where he utilized in a fairly disorganized manner craftsmanship laborers to mass produce predominantly prints and banners, yet additionally some different things like shoes planned by the craftsman. Other from workmanship, the Factory likewise filled in as a movie producer studio. He made a progression of mother films about time, fatigue and redundancy which turned out to be underground works of art, for example, the Empire, The Chelsea and Blow Job. In November of this current year, Eleanor Ward indicated his works of art at Stable Gallery, it turned into a sensation November, 1964, his first independent show in the LLC. S was held at Leo Castillo Gallery. This is the point at which he started his self Portrait Series. Summer Of 1966, six Of his self pictures was appeared at Expo 67 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. In August of this current year he started to go to various universities over the Los Angles zone and give Lectures, they turned out to be well known to such an extent that a few schools employed Allen Midget to mimic him for addresses. Warhol later moved and met Fred Hughes, Who later became leader Of Enterprises and Interview Magazine. At that point, on June third, 1968, Valerie Solaris. Individual from the company encompassing Warhol, and the sole individual from SCUM Society for Cutting LIP Men) strolled into Whorls Studio, The Factory, and shot Andy Warhol multiple times in the chest. He avgas raced to the emergency clinic and the specialists said he was dead, yet they chose to open up his chest and back rub his heart, in the event that something goes wrong. It worked and Warhol endure the endeavored murder subsequent to spending tuft months in the emergency clinic Valerie handed herself over and was placed in a Mental Institute and later allowed a multi year jail sentence. A short time later, Warhol dropped out Of the movie producer business, however proceeded with once in a while With his nourishment to workmanship. During the sasss and Us, Warhol Status as a media symbol soar. He started distributing issues for Interview Magazine. In 1971 He opened his play, Pork, at the London Roundhouse Theater. He continued with his artistic creations in 1972 The Factory was moved to Broadway. In 1976 he did he Skulls, and Hammer, and Sickle arrangement. On February 22, 1987, a day of clinical notoriety, cited by a biographer, Andy Warhol passed on Although the projectiles didnt kill him, his own nerve bladder did. He passed on after a normal nerve bladder medical procedure, he was 58 years of age.

whats happening at SIPA next week COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

whats happening at SIPA next week COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA events are held each week but it begins to slow down around now as students get ready for exams and the winter break.   Events will be back in full swing in January.   But to keep you engaged for another week, below are some upcoming events at SIPA.   Guests are welcomed. MONDAY, DECEMBER 09, 2013 A New World of Migration and Development: A Discussion with Ambassador William Swing 12:00 pm to 1:15 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 1512 A discussion with Ambassador William Swing.  Moderated by Professor Michael Doyle. Sponsor: Columbia Global Policy Initiative, Center on Global Governance at Columbia Law School MONDAY, DECEMBER 09, 2013 Augmented Humanity, Drones, Self-Driving Cars, Furbys, and Robot Politics: Freedom and Security in the Robotics Age 12:15 pm to 2:00 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 1302 Camille François, Visiting Scholar, Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies and moderator Sean Lonergan, Captain, US Army and Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science, Columbia will debate current research and discuss freedom and security in the robotics age. Sponsor: Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies MONDAY, DECEMBER 09, 2013 Jamesian Precisions in Natsume Soseki: Contending with Light and Dark 6:30 pm to 7:30 pm, Kent Hall, Room 403 Lecture with John Nathan, Takashima Professor of Japanese Cultural Studies, Department of East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara. No registration required. Sponsor: Weatherhead East Asian Institute TUESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 2013 The Seminar on Modern Europe 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm, Fayerweather Hal, Room 302 We will also host our last seminar of the semester with Anton Hemerjick, Professor of Social Sciences at the University of Amsterdam. He will discuss fault lines in European social models and will address the current Euro crisis, welfare reform, and the future of affordable social investment. Sponsor: Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies THURSDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2013 Development Workshop: Stelios Michalopoulos 4:15 pm to 5:45 pm, International Affairs Building, Room 1101 As part of Columbia Universitys Fall 2013 Development Workshop, Stelios Michalopoulos, Assistant Professor of Economics at Brown University, will discuss his latest work. Sponsor: Center for Development Economics and Policy FRIDAY, DECEMBER 13, 2013 Diversity Symposium: Public Policy: A Global Prospective 12:00 pm to 7:00 pm, International Affairs Building, Kellogg Center SIPA Alumni panel and SIPA student led policy roundtable discussions.   Please RSVP. Sponsor: SIPA Admissions Financial Aid Office Click here to see more events on the SIPA Calendar.

Life by Thea The Fascinating World of Product Design and Medicine

Learn how real students navigate their way through the medical school admissions process and med school itself with our  What is Medical School Really Like?  series. Meet Thea, a PGY-1 Physical Medicine and Rehab resident. Thea, thank you for sharing your story with us! Where did you go to medical school? Where are you currently doing your residency, and in which specialty? Thea: I attend the University of Colorado School of Medicine and will be a resident at Vanderbilt University in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. What attracted you to engineering during your undergrad career? What made you later leave the field? Thea: I’ve always been interested in healthcare, but as an undergrad, I was weary of pursuing medicine because it was so competitive and everyone seemed more preoccupied with their grades than I was. Since I always liked math and physics, I looked into engineering and found a major called product design. At Stanford, product design is a subset of mechanical engineering with an element of industrial design. Most appealing to me was the fact that there was some teamwork built into the curriculum. I loved my engineering community, and their emphasis on working together to solve complex problems. Yet, while I was studying engineering, I found that I missed learning about health and medicine. I realized that I wanted to work at the intersection of the two but was lacking sufficient training to do so. Thus, I left engineering to go to medical school. Eventually, I plan to dabble back into product design because I believe that some of the biggest problems in our healthcare system can only be solved via this interdisciplinary approach. What was your experience as a non-traditional medical applicant? Thea: Medical school was really difficult for me because the training that I had received in undergrad was enormously different from the way medicine is currently taught. In engineering, I was taught to think critically about a problem, and when I needed help, I would work with my classmates to come up with a solution. Together, we worked on problem sets, and our exams were almost always open book. In medical school, my days consisted of sitting in lecture and memorizing stacks of flashcards by myself. My exams were all closed book and multiple choice. While there are merits to both methods of teaching, I found that I really missed the engineering style of collaborative teaching, which I found both more enjoyable and suited to my learning style. What sparked your interest in sports medicine? Thea: As a junior in college, I took a class at the medical school taught by one of my current PMR mentors, Dr. Michael Fredericson. He is a physiatrist specializing in sports medicine and is the Head Team Physician with the Stanford Sports Medicine Program. I spent a few days in his clinic and did some research with him on the mechanism of running injury, which was a natural tie to engineering. Very quickly, I knew that this was the route I wanted my career to take. As a bonus, Dr. Fredericson was incredibly supportive of my non-traditional background, so I felt like there was a lot of opportunity for me in sports medicine. Can you share a bit about your blog, healthxdesign? Why did you start it and who is your target audience? Thea: I took a medical journalism class at NYU, and one of my professors suggested that I start a blog after I told him about my background and interests. Initially, I started my blog so I could write about health and design, but I actually just switched the title of my blog to â€Å"Life by Thea† (lifebythea.com) so I could also write about other things. I realized that â€Å"health† is a very broad topic and changed my website to reflect that change :). On your blog, youve expressed frustration with the American healthcare system. What would you like to see change? Thea: This is a really difficult question that I hope to continue writing about, and in no way do I have all of the answers yet. In short, there are many inefficiencies in our system, and patients suffer daily because of systemwide problems. The fact that bureaucracy and politics impede patient care is very frustrating, especially after you realize that your patient’s quality of life depends on a simple solution. Previously, I worked at a tech startup where our engineers could quickly and precisely troubleshoot a computer bug within minutes. Compare that to 21st century medicine, where it can take hours just to locate old medical records. Modern healthcare can learn a lot from modern technology, but we need to adapt technology in the right way. Can design help to improve healthcare? Thea: Certainly. Design is about creating products and systems using an understanding of people and what they need. Given the right opportunities and the right team of people, we can use human- centered design to create a better healthcare system and deliver better patient care. As a doctor interested in the intersection between engineering and healthcare, do you have an opinion regarding programs that are teaching ways to integrate these fields? Thea: When I was applying, I did not look into these new medical schools, so I cannot speak to their curricula. One thing I can say, though, is that medicine and engineering are two very rigorous fields of study. Despite having now dedicated four years to engineering and another four years to medicine, I do not consider myself an expert in either discipline. Even after undergrad, many of my engineering friends went on to pursue master’s degrees and PhDs before working in the industry. Similarly, medicine also requires over a decade of training before being able to practice independently, and the route is jam- packed with board exams and other accreditation requirements. I could see this making sense if students begin medical training with some engineering background, but I think it would otherwise be extremely difficult to expect students with no engineering background to become competent in both fields after only four years. Rather than continue to add requirements to our packed curriculum, I think that medical schools should adopt more of a liberal arts approach. Rather than restricting what we can spend our time learning, medical schools should allow students to dedicate their other 10,000 hours to mastering a medically relevant subject of their choice. As Prasad Setty, VP of People Analytics at Google, once said, â€Å"Give people freedom, and they will amaze you.† Given more time and support, I think that medical students can do truly amazing things. I proposed some of these ideas in a TED talk-style discussion at Stanford Medicine X, which can be found here. Do you have questions for Thea? Questions for us? Do you want to be featured in our next What is Medical School Really Like?  post? Know someone else who you’d love to see featured? Are there questions you’d like us to ask our students in this series?  LET US KNOW! You can learn more about Thea by checking out her blog. Looking forward to your own med school journey? We can help you reach the finish line!  Check out our Medical School Admissions Consulting Services  to team up with an admissions expert who will help you join the ranks of thousands of Accepted clients who get accepted to their dream schools. For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to their dream healthcare programs. Our outstanding team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, admissions committee members, pre-health advisors, postbac program directors, and doctors. Our staff has guided applicants to acceptance at allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) medical schools, residencies and fellowships, dental school, veterinarian school, and physician assistant programs at top schools such as Harvard, Stanford, Penn, UCSF, Johns Hopkins, Columbia, and many more.  Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Carle Illinois College of Medicine: Integrating Engineering and Medicine, a podcast episode †¢ What is Medical School Really Like?, interviews with real med school students †¢ All You Need to Know About Residency Applications and Matching

The Events Of Penn State Altoona s Intramural Basketball...

The event I went to was one of Penn State Altoona s intramural basketball games. I chose this event because I wanted to observe the similarities and differences between intramural sporting events and extramural sporting events. At extramural sporting events, the players in the competition are usually extremely invested in the sport that they are playing and the competition itself because of the fact that the players have to be good to make the team. Players are also more invested in extramural sports because they are competing against a team from a different institution. At intramural sporting events there are no requirements to be on a team which means a person who has never played that sport before can be on a team. Since the basketball game was intramural I was curious about what the dynamic would be like between the players so I closely observed how the players interacted with one another. I was not sure whether or not these intramural players would be as invested as professiona l players and I assumed they wouldn t but once I went to the game and found out, I was taken aback with my discovery. Since I was curious about the history of Penn State Altoona s intramural basketball league, I interviewed some players in order to find out how long the program has been around, if there are any rituals involved in the game, and if there are any rivalries. While there, I also payed close attention to how much sportsmanship these intramural players had to see how seriously they

Similarities And Differences Between Hobbes And Rousseau

By definition, equality is the property that a set of things are the same in measure, value, and status. On the other hand, inequality represents the exact opposite of equality. This assessment is drawn from the works of Hobbes and Rousseau, whom despite addressing many of the same issues differed greatly on issues such as the state, human nature, and inequality, posing difficulty in telling who among the two represented a better view of those issues. A breakdown of the various works of both Hobbes and Rousseau will assist in examining the similarities and differences in their views on the three issues. To start with, Rousseau is of the view that human beings are not naturally sinful. They are galvanized to work together for the greater†¦show more content†¦Both Hobbes and Rousseau are in agreement that the idea of the state of nature existed before the inception of the political society. However, their view is very different from the concept of the natural state of man. On one hand, Hobbes believes that humans are cruel, malicious and pathetic such that everyone acts in a way that pleases them regardless of whether they pose a risk to others or not (Hobbes Malcolm, 2012). Hobbes describes men as enemies of each other and that the only thing that pushes them to make peace is the fear of death and necessities that would guarantee them a decent life. It is the passion for self-regard and reputation that necessitates the need to a political institution to govern humans (Hobbes Malcolm, 2012). On the other hand, Rousseau is of the idea that human beings are good in nature but they are latter to be vitiated by the political societies which are not part of the man’s natural state. Men need to live in collaboration and help each other to face life challenges. However, with the establishment of political and social institutions, men begin to experience inequalities as a result of greed. Rousseau claims that, in man’s natural state, they only strive for the basic needs and once those needs are satisfied they are contented in that state (Hobbes Malcolm, 2012). Additionally, Rousseau points out that after the inception of social and political institutions, humans began to be self-centeredShow MoreRelatedRousseau s View On State Of Nature1551 Words   |  7 PagesIn Philosophy the argument of the state of nature often comes into discussion. However, two mainstream philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean- Jacques Rousseau have similarities, but mostly have multiple diff erent ideas on this theory. Although Hobbes makes valid points Rousseau s view on state of nature is more realistic then Hobbes. Rousseau’s view on the state of nature is interpreted as a forest, and refers to the â€Å"savage man†. He begins by explaining how he relates man to an animal he statesRead MoreHobbes And Rousseau On The Social Contract Theory1625 Words   |  7 PagesHobbes and Rousseau on the Social Contract Theory The social contract theory focuses on the origin of states and laws, and the impact of regulated communities or states on individuals. All conceptions of the social contract theory can be harmonized to the individual desire for safety or security and the demand for fulfillment through a collective agreement which transforms the human dimension into an organized society from the primordial state. Rousseau was the first philosopher to coin the socialRead MoreComparison of Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesguided the works of the 17th and 18th century philosophical writings of Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Through Thomas Hobbes world-renowned publication Leviathan and Rousseau’s discourses on basic political principals and concepts, each man validated their thoughts on human nature and what is required for a successful society within their respective government confines. The distinct differences between Hobbes and Rousseau’ s opinions on the natural state of man frame the argument of theRead MoreRousseau ´s Solution to  ¨The Fundamental Problem ¨1178 Words   |  5 PagesThe problem is to find a form of association †¦ in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as free as before.’ Does Rousseau have a convincing solution to the problem he poses? The opening line of Jean-Jacques Rousseaus influential work The Social Contract (1762), is man is born free, and he is everywhere in chains. Those who think themselves masters of others are indeed greater slaves than they. These are not physical chains, but psychologicalRead MoreRousseau s Hypothetical State Of Nature1417 Words   |  6 PagesBy comparison, Rousseau’s hypothetical State of Nature, theory of human nature, and resulting sovereign was quite different. While Rousseau also considered humans to be savages existing without a state, to him they were essentially free to do what they would, content, equal, and living in peace, uncorrupted by the modern progress of civilization. Physical freedom, however, came not without limitations, such as the preclusion of the existence of rationality and morality. People wandered nomadicallyRead MoreThe Social Contract: Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe Social Contract The three philosophers, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were three key thinkers of political philosophy. The three men helped develop the social contract theory into what it is in this modern day and age. The social contract theory was the creation of Hobbes who created the idea of a social contract theory, which Locke and Rousseau built upon. Their ideas of the social contract were often influenced by the era in which they lived and social issues thatRead MoreThomas Hobbes, John Locke, And Jean-Jacques Rousseau All1781 Words   |  8 PagesThomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau all represent social contract theorists who were influenced by liberalism and the enlightenment respectively. They each offer varying takes and critiques of what exactly is the state of nature and from those discussions of the state of nature, they delve into what the state of government would be if it was born from that same state of nature. Hobbes, Locke, and Rousse au can each be compared and contrasted with one another based upon their own definitionRead MoreThe Social Contract Of The Middle East Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe social contracts of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau constructed a basis upon which governments have expressed their validity and purpose. This can be observed most prominently in the Western world, due to the development of these social contracts alongside that of governments of Western nations. But the abstract roots of these theories on the foundation of government are applicable to all peoples. The Middle East is of particular interest due to the recent outcries and protests against governmentsRead MoreThe State Of Nature And The Development Of Society2224 Words   |  9 PagesHobbes and Rousseau: The State of Nature and The Development of Society Humans are taught to act and behave in a certain way. They are told what is wrong and what is right based off of the society they live in. They are given social norms and expectations depending on their race, socioeconomic class and gender. Our calculated behaviors are controlled by the perceptions and consequences from the outside world: society. But what if humans were born and lived within a nonsocial world, how would weRead MoreJean-Jacques Rousseaus The Social Contract Essay example1786 Words   |  8 PagesThe problem is to find a form of association †¦ in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as free as before.’ Does Rousseau have a convincing solution to the problem he poses? The opening line of Jean-Jacques Rousseaus influential work The Social Contract (1762), is man is born free, and he is everywhere in chains. Those who think themselves masters of others are indeed greater slaves than they. These are not physical chains, but psychological

The Effects Of Pesticides On The Human Body - 1758 Words

Food is one of the most essential things that the human body needs in order to function and coordinate to its fullest potential. There are many sources of food and while some people choose to have different dietary lifestyles, majority of them gather their food from different grocery stores, farmers markets, and/or personal cultivations. Diet plays a major role when it comes to food choices and today there are more food choices than ever before. The variety of choices can sometimes confuse the consumer in the choosing the healthiest product. However, the recent introduction of organic products seems like the right alternative to the high processing meats and high doses of pesticides in conventional fruit and vegetables. Yet, these products will cost up to three times more than regular products. Over the past couple of years the public has become more aware of the dangers and consequences that pesticides do to the body. Pesticides have been used on crops and land in order to prevent d amage to the production of crops. While pesticide usage is nothing new to the public, the evolution of such has made almost impossible for the standard human to understand the complexity of the chemical bonds. The continuous adaptations of pest to the chemical composition of the pesticides have increased the need for stronger and complex chemical bonds. Unfortunately for the public the stronger the pesticide the higher the odds that it will remain in the food that is delivered at local stores orShow MoreRelatedThe presence of pesticides in fruits, vegetables, cereals, in other food items and even in breast900 Words   |  4 PagesThe presence of pesticides in fruits, vegetables, cereals, in other food items and even in breast milk is a matter of grave concern (Munshi et al. 2001; FAO/WHO 2005; Damgaard et al. 2006; Koirala et al. 2007; Shen et al. 2008; Cok et al. 2011). There are many other studies which depict the presence of pesticide as residues in food materials above the esta blished maximum residue limits (MRLs) (Bajpai et al. 2007; Devanathan et al. 2009; Srivastava et al. 2011). Out of 267 vegetable samples collectedRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms : Safe Or Unsafe?1181 Words   |  5 Pagesapples at Shop-Rite are bigger then they’ve been before. That’s likely the effect of GMO. GMO helps those apples grow faster and thrive, gaining the bright red color that they have now. Are the foods containing GMO actually healthy? I think that you shouldn’t take the risks of GMO foods just because they cost less than organic foods. Most of the world is not aware of the side effects of GMO and what it can do to your body. Soy, corn and cotton are the most widely recognized for being geneticallyRead MoreEffects Of Pesticides On The Environment Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pages200 million pounds of pesticide ingredients were used in the field (Shelton, Geraghty, Tancredi, Delwiche, Rebecca, Ritz, Hansen, Hertz-Picciotto, 2014). Pesticides are used on the agriculture products to prevent damages from insects, and it is vital for the high quantity production of today’s world. However, pesticides are also a toxic chemical for human. There are innumerous types of pesticide can be used in the field. Some of them are banned because of its adverse effect such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneRead MoreGenetically Modified food should not be banned876 Words   |  3 Pagesthere are several considerable profits to agriculture, environment and human health. Genetically Modified food should not be banned while they provide benefits to agriculture. The high productivity is creating by Genetically Modified food; the GM crops double the food yield by improves the pesticides and fertilizers in the crops. the productivity gains from G.M. crops, as well as improved use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, allowed the world s farmers to double global food output during theRead MoreA Fable for Tomorrow by Rachel Carson1562 Words   |  6 PagesSilent Spring Book Review Silent Spring is a startling book concentrated on the perils of chemical pesticides. Nevertheless it is also a powerful story focused on the natural world. In the first chapter: â€Å"A Fable for Tomorrow,† Carson gives a picture of a vibrant town, in which everything of the natural world, including humans and wildlife, live together in harmony. There is an abundance of life in the town and everything flourished. Out of the blue, something inexplicable strikes and the cheerfulRead MoreMany chemicals are used in packaging, storage, and processing of foodstuffs. These chemicals might1500 Words   |  6 Pagesprocessing of foodstuffs. These chemicals might have a long term effects on the human body. Most of these chemicals are inert and would lead to long term effects. Although most of these chemicals pass Federal Food Safety laws, the people who consume processed or packaged foods are more vulnerable to fatal diseases. Scientist have not gathered enough information about the long term impact. This includes the impact on early stages of human development, especially in the womb. An extended amount of exposureRead MoreA Test on Rachel Carsons Book Silent Spring1253 Words   |  6 Pagesuniting with each other through chains, rings, and other various configurations. Also, its ability to link with atoms of other substances allows the element to serve as a basis for other naturally occurring molecules and a wide variety of synthetic pesticides. 4. The ingestion and accumulation of DDT and other insecticides even when foods directly treated with these chemicals are avoided is possible because it can be present as tiny residue on foodstuffs that was not necessarily injected. DDT and otherRead MoreOrganic Farming Practices : The Organic Foods Production Act ( Ofpa )1327 Words   |  6 Pagesorganic for one of those three.† Nevertheless, more research should be done to affirm to this claim before coming to a conclusion. Organic agriculture is preordained to improve the soil quality over time by avoiding most synthetic materials, such as pesticides and antibiotics; the only reason there is an increase in vitamin and mineral levels in comparison to inorganic food may be because some vitamins and vitamins are destroyed through the inorganic growing process. InvestigationRead MoreOrganic Vs Non Organic Vineyards1671 Words   |  7 PagesOrganic vs Non Organic Vineyards There’s many differences between organic vineyards and non-organic vineyards. Organic vineyards, for instance, produce their wine by excluding the use of artificial chemical fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and herbicides. Non-organic vineyards on the other hand, produce their wine by applying these products. Every year that goes by, our generation is becoming more advanced in the usage of organic products. Many things sold in groceries stores are now availableRead MoreThe Reasons Of Labeling Gmos : Yes Or No700 Words   |  3 Pagespositive or negative effect on the human body. Consumers should know that they are buying GMO’s because farmers use more pesticides. Furthermore, the scientific community has no consensus on GMOs. Finally, GMOs have proven to have adverse side effects in animal testing. This shows how GMOs should be labeled. One reason that GMOs should be labeled is because consumers should know that more pesticides are being used. First, â€Å"Critics claim that GMOs may increase the use of chemical pesticides. (Miffin,1) Growing

Analysis Of Victor Hugos Les Misérables - 1016 Words

Author Gail Lynne Goodwin, once said that â€Å"True happiness comes from living life in harmony with all that is† (Goodwin). This message inspires humanity to live simply and peacefully. Similarly, Victor Hugos Les Misà ©rables enlightens its readers to be selfless, compassionate, and generous. Through his contrast of the values of Bishop Myriel, the Thenardiers, and Jean Valjean, Hugo compels a literate society to live a life of virtue and integrity not only for personal happiness but for the greater good of humanity. Victor Hugo begins Les Misà ©rables with the chapter â€Å"An Upright Man,† which presents Bishop Myriel, the embodiment of perfection. Indeed, the bishop elicits respect, unutterable respect, [that] penetrate[s] you by degrees and†¦show more content†¦The Thenardiers, in contrast, reflect the worst of society. Hugo describes them as a hideous species of progress which can be made toward evil†¦ crawl[ing] continually toward darkness†¦becoming steeped more and more thoroughly in an intensifying wickedness† (47), which emphasizes their heinousness and vile motives. Characterized as a species rather than people, the Thenardiers’ actions are too vulgar, malicious, and uncivilized to be associated with humanity, most of whom are kind, friendly, and altruistic. In contrast to the rest of society especially Bishop Myriel, this atrocious family becomes more heartless every day. The Thenardiers lack all morals and fail to recognize others’ emotio ns. This absence of empathy and kindness result in their cruel treatment of young Cosette. However, when Fantine, the mother of Cosette, gives her daughter to the Thenardiers, they â€Å"look upon the little girl as a child, which they shelter[†¦] for charity and [, therefore,] treat[†¦] her as such† (47). In addition to her abuse, hunger, and neglect, the wicked family forces Cosette to toil in their inn. They take advantage of Fantines naivety and desperation, and their abuse of Cosette exposes their true nature; the Thenardiers are a greedy, malicious beings whose cruelty is incomprehensible. Later in the novel, the readers discover that the family had lost their inn and are living in complete destitution. TheShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Victor Hugos Les Misà ©rables1097 Words   |  5 PagesGoodwin inspires humanity to live simply and peacefully. Similarly, Victor Hugos Les Misà ©rables enlightens its readers to be selfless, compassionate, and generous. Throug h his contrast of the values of Bishop Myriel, the Thenardiers, and Jean Valjean, Hugo compels humanity to live a life of virtue and integrity not only for personal happiness, but for the greater good of humanity and, ultimately, the world. Victor Hugo begins Les Misà ©rables with the chapter â€Å"An Upright Man,† which describes Bishop MyrielRead MoreLes Miserables : A French Masterpiece3985 Words   |  16 Pages Les Miserables: A French Masterpiece Introduction Victor-Marie Hugo, is possibly the most renowned French author in history. Born on February 26, 1802 in Besancon, France, Hugo was the youngest of three sons of Count Leopold Sigisbert and Sophie Hugo. Hugo proved himself as a capable writer at a young age gaining Recognition from the French Academy for a poem he wrote when he was only fifteen. At the age of twenty, he published his first book of poetry titled Miscellaneous Odes and VersesRead MoreLes Miserables: an Analysis1421 Words   |  6 PagesLes Misà ©rables By Victor Hugo An Analysis by Neyko Gelo L. Dela Cruz, 3-11 August 3, 2015 â€Æ' INTRODUCTION Victor Hugo Victor Marie Hugo, born on February 26, 1802, was a celebrated French author during the Romantic Movement and is best known for his poetry and his novels including The Hunchback of Notre-Dame and Les Misà ©rables. His father served as a high-ranked officer in Napoleon’s army. Since it is against his mother’sRead MoreThe Movie Les Miserables ( 2012, United Kingdom )1110 Words   |  5 PagesThis project focuses on the movie Les Misà ©rables (2012, United Kingdom). The film is an epic romantic musical directed by Tom Hooper. As a film, Les Misà ©rables is based on a musical by Claude-Michel Schonberg and Alain Boublil that goes by the same name (Les Misà ©rables) and is also based upon Victor Hugo’s French novel - Les Misà ©rables, 1862 (Shoard n.p). This analysis looks at various elements of the movie ranging from the themes used in the film, its genre, artistic movement, the director’s styleRead MoreRise Above the Misery in Les Misà ©rables by Victor Hugo Essay example1755 Words   |  8 PagesInstead of having expert critical analysis written about them, they will, most likely, never see that, as recent novels have nothing to analyze. Even books are beginning to collect dust, hidden away and forgotten, attributing to the rise of companies such as Spark Notes. An author deserves to have his work praised, no matter how meager and the masses should have the right to embrace it or to reject it. As much of this has already been considered, concerning Les Misà ©rables, the purpose of this paper isRead MoreDave Gordon Ethics1566 Words   |  7 Pageswants to be sure that because of this behavioral trait of trying to please others in society by complying with laws, which is not clouding his judgment in this area (Klein, 2016, p. 28). He does not want to become like Inspector Javert from Victor Hugo’s Les Misà ©rables where he must always have the law to the letter at all costs (20th Century Pictures, 1935). This brings Dave to Level III and stage five of Kohlberg’s matrix on moral development. At this stage, one is able to recognize that some lawsRead More Search for Innocence in American Modernism Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough a return to innocence. This is evident in the Modernist works of The wasteland by T. S. Eliot, Directive by Robert Frost, Babylon Revisited by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Hills Like White Elephants by Earnest Hemingway as will be shown in an analysis of the inhabitants of the wasteland and their search for innocence, the role of children and pregnancy in the wasteland, and the symbolism of water and rebirth.    But before I go on, I believe that I should first clarify what I mean by aRead MoreGraciano Lopez Jaena1659 Words   |  7 Pagesborn in Tondo, Manila, on Nov. 30, 1863. He grew up in the slums and knew from practical experience the actual conditions of the class struggle in his society.   Absorbing the teachings of classic rationalism from the works of Josà © Rizal, Victor Hugos  Les Miserables,  Eugà ¨ne Sues  The Wandering Jew,  books on the French Revolution, and the lives of the presidents of the United States, Bonifacio acquired an understanding of the dynamics of the sociohistorical process. This led him to join the Liga FilipinaRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesConnections to a wider spectrum of professionals ( greater insight into issue at hand †¢ E.g. 2008 U.S. Presidential Elections (bloggers provide personal opinions about who was likely to win but New York Times invited experts to do a state-by-state analysis presenting results in a full-page spread, culminating in a detailed map showing states Democrats were likely to win) †¢ Anonymity: given free rein to publish any thought that comes to mind †¢ E.g. For every worthwhile video present on the site

Cellphone Addiction Free Essays

Cell Phones In many ways, cell phones are addictive. The gadgets are an integral part of many people’s days. Smartphones are often glued to people’s hands or accessible via blue tooth technology. We will write a custom essay sample on Cellphone Addiction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Negative effects of cell phone addiction include isolation and unbalanced priorities. There are effective solutions for treating the addiction, once you identify the symptoms. Symptoms of Cell Phone Addiction Take a step back and ask yourself how important your cell phone is to your day. If your phone use reduces the quality of your life, you may have an addiction. Perhaps you carry the gadget around with you even when you do not leave home; you look at the screen as you walk and constantly check it for missed calls. Another symptom is you feel the need to have the device with you at the dinner table and look at apps rather than talking to family members over meals. Is your cell phone constantly in your hand or within your line of vision? You obsess over the item; your obsession is a cell phone addiction. Look at your phone bill. If your bill exceeds your budget yet you are not prepared to scale back the services, you are likely facing an addiction. Another factor to consider is whether the gadget is getting in the way of your social life. Perhaps you cancel lunches with friends in favor of staying home to keep up with social networks via your mobile. When the device gets in the way of your real life events in a negative way, you likely have a cell phone addiction. Causes There are many causes of the addiction. The cell phone may be just one part of a larger addiction to technology in general. After all, many smartphones are equipped with apps to play games, browse the internet, and send emails. Online social media networks are growing rapidly. There are several, with the big players including Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Your friends and family members are joining networks too. You often â€Å"talk† to one another on the networks as your schedules keep you too busy to meet face to face. If you have made new online friends through the networks, your cell phone provides a way to connect with these people when they live in other cities and even in other countries. You trade media links, such as articles and photos. The interaction is fun and you begin to spend more time daily on your mobile device. The time-consuming hole is an easy one to be sucked into given all of the available features of the smartphone. http://christywrites. hubpages. com/hub/cell-phone-addiction-the-symptoms-and-methods-of-treatment How to cite Cellphone Addiction, Essay examples

Brotherly Love Essay Research Paper The snow free essay sample

Brotherly Love Essay, Research Paper The snow fell from the dark sky like 1000000s of small white stars that lost their clasp on the celestial sphere. Small Sammy ever one to love the snow ignored it for the minute, demoing uncharacteristic concern for his brother. What # 8217 ; s the affair Todd? You # 8217 ; ve been moving unusual all twenty-four hours. I know something # 8217 ; s on your head or you wouldn # 8217 ; Ts have that look on your face. You ever look that manner when something # 8217 ; s incorrect . Oh, it # 8217 ; s nil of import small brother, merely jobs with Sandra once more last dark. The day of the month went all right and I really liked the flick this clip but subsequently in the back place I shot jungle juice everyplace before we could even acquire started. If this had been the first clip I wouldn # 8217 ; t be so angry but dammit, he accented his expletive by pluging his thigh, it # 8217 ; s been four times now . Sammy # 8217 ; s brow creased for a minute in idea and so his eyes lit up. Bing a spot excessively speedy of a mind, Sammy frequently stated the obvious and did so now. Remember that panic you had when you were banging saddles every dark with Judith? She had to travel out and purchase a gestation trial. Obviously you weren # 8217 ; t holding much problem with her ; I think it must hold something to make with Sandra herself . Todd could about see the light Sammy was enjoying in from the bulb above his caput and offered the Tyke a warm smiling. Sammy was merely 12 old ages old but sometimes he dissapointed Todd with his slow marbless. He liked to promote the male child though and did non reference that he had already come to this decision rather some clip ago. Even Albert Einstein had problem in his young person and he could see that Sammy had that sort of possible. In fact he was lucky his brother could believe at all. Some childs were born retarded you know. That # 8217 ; s likely right child but I merely wear # 8217 ; Ts know what it could be about her that makes me lose the boat and jizz every clip. I mean I got my lovebone all poised to steal inside that perfect pie and I merely blow it. . . literally. She # 8217 ; s acquiring fed up and I bet her fingers have been working overtime recently seeing as I # 8217 ; m non keeping up my terminal of the trade, Todd paused a minute and looked Sammy in the oculus, Have you of all time bumped tangelos? I know your lone 12 but I # 8217 ; ve seen how immature they start on Montel and Ricky Lake . Sammy # 8217 ; s face went a deep shadiness of ruddy, Well, I did the three finger tango with Beth after the Halloween Dance last month but I # 8217 ; ve neer navigated fuck , he looked off rapidly and began to unconciously tap his toes. The male child was evidently embarrassed. Todd wondered whether his uncomfort stemmed from the fact that they were speaking about Sammy wetting his carrot or the fact that he hadn # 8217 ; t done it at all. This made him experience proud and nostalgic at the same clip. Well, Todd began, foremost of all you know how it is so when you foremost smell that juicy *censored* . That wet sweet olfactory property. Douched every other twenty-four hours, lavished with picks and pulverizations merely fouled up one time a month by unhallowed oozes. But God didn # 8217 ; Ts make Eve equipped with a bottle of Stay-Fresh. No, it # 8217 ; s good no affair what. . . What # 8217 ; s Stay-Fresh ? It # 8217 ; s douche, genius. That material Mom keeps following to her *censored* nappies under the sink. Now, Don # 8217 ; t disrupt! I was stating that that odor is adequate to direct your John Thomas rending right through the jean of your denims ; and that # 8217 ; s merely the beginning. Long ago I stopped working my figures in Sandra # 8217 ; s sopping mine and tried to travel caving with my pride and joy right off. I did off with the arousal so to talk. I thought possibly I got so worked up in those sweaty campaign in her cradle I merely hit my wad excessively shortly. Fuck! , Todd punched his thigh harder this clip, Nothing seems to work . Sammy put on his thought cap once more while Todd simmered after his effusion and idea for a minute. He was normally unconcerned with his brother # 8217 ; s ( or anyone else # 8217 ; s for that affair ) jobs but when it came to this line of talk he would acquire a throbbing hard-on. This was better than playing in the snow any twenty-four hours. I cognize! , he exclaimed, Remember when Grandpa used to gull around with us before he was sent to prison? I would feign I was playing in my sandbox and it helped me to bury about what was traveling on , his blunder got a spot more stiff as he said this, possibly you should feign you # 8217 ; re making something else when you try to sway in Sandra # 8217 ; s pubess. That # 8217 ; s got ta aid. Todd # 8217 ; s forehead creased and an outside party might hold noted how much he looked like his brother in that minute if one had been present. He was merely acquiring ready to give Sammy a brotherly whack on the dorsum in gratitude when Sandra walked around the corner of the house. Hi honey! Hi Sammy! What are you guys making sitting out here in the cold? I # 8217 ; m freeze! Indeed she was, Todd noticed. Her mammillas were protuding rather nicely from her wool jumper. His manhood rapidly follwed his brother # 8217 ; s illustration. Oh we merely got done holding a sweet sand verbena battle , Sammy lied, it # 8217 ; s about clip for me to travel in or Mom will hold a cow. Sorry I couldn # 8217 ; t remain and chew the fat . With that he jumped up and went indoors. Eldritch child , Sandra said, I merely stopped by to talk to you about something that # 8217 ; s been on my head. You see. . . Todd interrupted her, Before you say anything I merely want you to cognize that I # 8217 ; ve neer done the title in the snow and I # 8217 ; ve got a monolithic cockstand right now . Sandra needed no farther convincing and shortly both of them were runing snow with their hot immature organic structures. EPILOGUE Sammy watched them from his upstairs window. It worked! It had really worked! As he stroked his prick in that five fingered pocket that is the batch of immature male childs with no other pick and watched he felt a rush of pride. Those flakes so like stars from Eden began to fall once more and Sammy shot his burden all over the windowsill. It was yearss before he remembered to clean it up.

The Role of Effective Communication

One of the factors that lead the company to the success is the effective communication. It is important to note that the business in the globalised economy is based on the strong networks between employees and partners; on the understanding of the goal and strategy; on sharing the mutual vision of the course; on the effective cooperation; and on the employees’ motivation and commitment (Dewhurst Fitzpatrick 2007, p. 21).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Effective Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Darling and Beebe, successful organisations depend on creating â€Å"shared meanings and mutual interpretations of reality, which facilitate coordinated action† (Darling Beebe 2007, p. 82). In addition, â€Å"humans are able to make sense out of the world and collectively share that sense with others if they have a common symbol system in which to share meaning† (Darling Beebe 2007, p. 82). In this context, the ability to communicate the ideas effectively becomes the priority for the leader. Thus, in the modern world business, an effective communicator can be discussed as more powerful than a strategic leader because the effective communication is a fundament for developing and communicating a working strategy and goals; for the efficient organisation of employees’ actions; and for developing partnerships and attracting stakeholders. Developed skills in communication are important for the leader because of the necessity to share the vision of the strategy with the employees. In this situation, the qualities of an effective communicator are more important than the qualities of a good leader because of the main barrier to the organisation’s progress is the inability of the leader to communicate the goal, vision, and strategy (Mehta, Mehta Mishra 2011, p. 3). The development of the globalised economy led to focusing on the mul ticultural workforce. As a result, communication barriers become more significant, and the possession of the formal power in the organisation cannot guarantee that employees with different cultural and linguistic backgrounds can understand the strategy and share the goals in a manner advantageous for the company. Robbins and Judge state that â€Å"no individual, group, or organisation can exist without sharing meaning among its members† (Robbins Judge 2013, p. 336). Thus, communicating the strategy, a leader as a sender of a message should focus on the effective coding in order to avoid the poor decoding of the message by a receiver (Robbins Judge 2013, p. 338). In this context, an effective communicator should minimise the language barrier, create the comfortable atmosphere, choose words that can be understood clearly and motivate employees without depending on their backgrounds and experiences. The result of such an approach is the clear picture of the strategy necessary to achieve with the focus on cooperation (Neeley Leonardi 2011, p. 38).Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This point is important because all the processes in the organisation are realised through communication, and it is necessary for a leader to become sure that his or her communication strategy is effective.  When the strategy, goal, and expected outcomes are clearly and effectively communicated, the next stage is the organisation, coordination, and control of the employees’ actions. Modern organisations choose team-working and projects in order to achieve high results. Communication is extremely important for teams because it influences the result of the process. It is a difficult task to organise the work of the multinational team, but this task is characteristic for the modern business world (Robbins Judge 2013, p. 356). As a result, a good communicator sho uld choose such an approach to the diverse workforce that could guarantee the improvement of cooperation and the increases in productivity. The leaders of the multinational companies working in India state that the problem of differences in cultures and languages is overcome only through the focus on the effective communication, when leaders concentrate on cultural peculiarities, choose correct channels, listen to the employees, value their opinions, and provide the grounded feedbacks (Mehta, Mehta Mishra 2011, p. 7-8). The problem is in the fact that diverse environments and cultures determine the employees’ ability to understand or decode the information communicated by the leader, and a good communicator should pay attention to this fact while carefully choosing words and intonations (Robbins Judge 2013, p. 357). Thus, the effective communication leads to increasing the individual and team’s motivation when the ineffective communication is a first step to developi ng conflicts at the professional or cultural grounds. The effective communication is also important for building relationships with the stakeholders and community. An effective leader while being an effective communicator works to create the image of the company and shares the information with the community focusing on the principles of transparency and dignity. For instance, managers of Marico state that communicating widely and deeply, while using open channels of communication, a leader can build relationships with the community and attract persons interested in the company’s progress because of the focus on honesty in communication (Mehta, Mehta Mishra 2011, p. 7). One of the main communication barriers for organisations is the spread of rumours about the company’s activities, and the focus on Marico’s experience in sharing the information openly as the reaction to rumours can be discussed as an effective communication strategy in the highly competitive bus iness world (Mehta, Mehta Mishra 2011, p. 7; Robbins Judge 2013, p. 344).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Effective Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The similar position is shared by the leaders of Samsung and Nokia who are inclined to state that the effective communication strategy to work with stakeholders is important in order to achieve high results in promoting products and services and in attracting new investors (Mehta, Mehta Mishra 2011, p. 7). This approach is also important in diverse environments, where it is necessary to work with the different public and partners. In this context, multinational companies operating in the global market choose to focus on the role of an effective communicator who will be able to build channels for strong contacts and relationships (Dewhurst Fitzpatrick 2007, p. 21). The choice of such different types of channels as of vertical, lateral, f ormal and informal channels is important because it is essential to choose the channel depending on the goal, audience, and expected results. However, the opponents of the idea that a good communicator is more effective for the organisation than a good leader can state that leadership is the main aspect to be taken into account while discussing the ways to motivate employees and to control the work of the multinational company. The reason is that charismatic leaders, strategic leaders, and transformational leaders are focused on the needs of their employees, and they pay much attention to choosing the approaches to share the ideas and motivate the employees, even when they belong to different cultures (Dewhurst Fitzpatrick 2007, p. 22). Nevertheless, while supposing that leadership is the more significant factor than effective communication, it is important to state that communication strategies, tools, and techniques are used by the leader in order to persuade the employees and co mmunicate the goal (Neeley Leonardi 2011, p. 38). Only an effective communicator can focus on contexts and cultures while working with the diverse workforce. From this point, a good leader should be a good communicator in order to achieve the set aim (Darling Beebe 2007, p. 78). Furthermore, good communication is vital in diverse environments where leadership is based on the level of development of skills in communication. Organisations need leaders who are effective communicators because communication is the basis for organising and coordinating all the processes in the company. Communication is important at all the stages of the organisation’s development, and barriers in communication can prevent the leader from completing the corporate goals effectively.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, a good communicator who listens to employees’ ideas, shares the strategies appropriately, and motivates the employees to achieve the higher results is very powerful. In spite of the fact that perfect communication skills are the result of the prolonged experience and practice, the main aspect to pay attention to while communicating is avoidance of communication barriers. An effective communicator should clarify what he expects from employees, he should focus on gender and cultural differences; he should listen to the employees’ ideas and problems; he should balance while choosing different channels in order to achieve the most effective results; and he should be persuasive and honest. Thus, communication is the most effective tool for the leader in the multinational organisation that employs the multicultural workforce. Reference List Darling, J Beebe, S 2007, ‘Effective entrepreneurial communication in organization development’, Organization D evelopment Journal, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 76-90. Dewhurst, S Fitzpatrick, L 2007, ‘Bringing out the excellent communicator in managers’, Strategic Communication Management, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 20-28. Mehta, D, Mehta, N Mishra, R 2011, ‘Overcoming recession through effective business communication approaches: a study in Indian scenario’, Oeconomics of Knowledge, vol.  3, no. 2, pp. 2-10. Neeley, T Leonardi, P 2011, ‘Effective managers say the same thing twice (or more)’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 38-39. Robbins, S Judge, T 2013, Organizational behavior, Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River. This essay on The Role of Effective Communication was written and submitted by user W1ldPack to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What Does Humble Mean To You?

What Does Humble Mean To You?What does humble mean to you? It could be as simple as the opinion that it is a very easy word to say, or perhaps you think it means a kind of weakness in character. Either way, when you know exactly what it means to you, you can then begin to translate it into an essay that you would be proud to submit to the college admissions committee.The first thing to consider about what does humble mean to you is what the word has to do with the meaning of the words. We often speak of humble in a superficial sense as if to give a false meaning, since in reality we are all humblest in the eyes of God and his angels. We take pride in our fearlessness, our unfailing faith and the fact that we have no true fear. We demonstrate our humbleness in action as well as in thought and in our lives.There is nothing wrong with writing a sample essay that uses the word humble in a negative way. How do we do this? It is simple, don't use the word at all, and instead use the verb h umble and the noun form of it such as 'fearless'a complete mind.' What that means is you can be humble in the way you treat yourself, in your approach to life and in the things you do.The second thing to consider is what it means to be humbled or humble in the eyes of others. You might see a story in the news where someone was humiliated and called a 'hypocrite' because of their lack of self-righteousness or selfishness. A person that is humbled by this mistake might be said to be humble, but again, there is nothing wrong with using the word in a positive sense. It is your opinion only, but you can use the word in the positive sense without it being false to yourself.Now what does humble mean to you and how is it defined? It means honorable, pious and kind. This definition implies that we are just like everybody else, when really we are special in our own way. So many of us only take part in society as an observer, but for some people who truly believe in what they believe, it is th eir destiny to make a difference, even if it is only for themselves.In order to be humbled, you must also be humble. When a man is humbled, he is embarrassed about it and he is ashamed. He realizes that he did something wrong and he realizes that God does not love him for what he is, but because of who he is. For this reason, he must be humble in all things.Samples of this type of written essay have been around for a very long time, with an ancient Greek and Roman culture being the most likely origins of the idea. They were used to demonstrate the importance of caring for one's self and how to be more self-sacrificing. Nowadays, these essays can be used to highlight the strength of character and the inherent worthiness of a person. So, even if you write a sample essay that talks about humility, be sure that it does not become a blanket word for weakness. It is important to focus on the positive side of life and not rely on it too much to help you get into college.With so many opport unities to earn a degree now offered by many colleges, many students today feel as though they have to take an extended term study in order to earn the credits needed for graduation. While some people might need to take some time off from their studies after having their children, other students need to continue their studies as soon as possible so that they can be on their way to a better life. You can use the term humble in the right way to describe your attitude and that of your family and friends so that you can earn the credits needed to get into a better school.

Notes on Presidency Essay

Notes on Presidency Essay Notes on Presidency Essay Chapter 9: Debt total of all money the federal government owes over time Deficit yearly shortfall of revenues in a budget $16 trillion debt $4.3 trillion budget fiscal year 2012 $1.3 trillion deficit Campaigns primary [show up and vote] (first primary: NH) or caucus [meetings and after you vote: people make arguments for a candidate] (first caucus: Iowa) * Regional primary or national primary â€Å"Frontloading† states often want their primary or caucus first because they think it’s more influential to go first McGovern-Fraser Commission: a commission formed at the 1968 Democratic convention in response to demands for reform by minority groups and others who sought better representation. As a result, all delegate selection procedures were required to be open so that the party leaders had no more clout than college students or anyone else who wanted to participate. Money Campaigns: * Candidates need money to build a campaign and get their message out. * There is a common perception that money buys votes and influence * The 1974 act (Federal Election Campaign Act) and its subsequent amendments did the following: In brief: The act created the FEC, provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions. * Result of: Watergate scandal (people saw corruption in government) * Meant for reforming campaign finances. * Federal Election Commission (FEC)- a six-member bipartisan agency created by the Federal Election Campaign Fund of 1974. This commission administers and enforces campaign finance laws * Created the Presidential Election Campaign Fund – the FEC is in charge of doling out money from this fund to qualified presidential candidates. * Tax payers can check a box on their taxes ($3) to publically fund presidential primaries/caucuses and the general election (Obama was the first president to reject tax payer money) If a presidential candidate takes the government money, then the candidate must abide by restrictions on spending $ * Matching funds: If a candidate can raise $5,000 in at least 20 states, they’re eligible to the contributions of up to $250 matched by the federal treasury. These candidates must qualify and agree to meet various conditions, ** such as li miting their overall spending to an amount prescribed by federal law** * Provided full public financing for major party candidates in the general election- for each general election, each major party nominee is eligible to receive a fixed amount of money to cover his or her total campaign expenses * Required full disclosure- regardless of whether they accept federal funding, all candidates for federal office must file periodic reports with FEC, listing who contributed and how much money it was. * Limited contributions- congress limited individual donations/contributions to presidential and congressional campaigns to $1,000. Also, limits on PAC donations to candidates political parties * Buckley v. Valeo (1976): challenged the Federal Election Campaign Act. The Supreme Court ruled that it was a violation of freedom of speech (the portion of the act that limited individual contributions to their own campaign) result you can spend unlimited amounts of your own $ on your own campaign * Another loophole opened in 1979 with an amendment to the act that made it easier for political parties to raise money for voter registration drives, and distribution of campaign material at grass-roots level or for generic party advertising * Soft money- political contributions earmarked for party building expenses at basic level or for generic party advertising. Soft money donations are not subject to contribution limits. (generally from corporations) * McCain – Feingold [Bipartisan (2002), Campaign Reform ACT (BCRA)] Banned soft money:

10 Tips to Balance Parallel Sentence Structure

10 Tips to Balance Parallel Sentence Structure 10 Tips to Balance Parallel Sentence Structure 10 Tips to Balance Parallel Sentence Structure By Mark Nichol In crafting sentences that compare one thing to another or represent one thought in contrast to another, writers often omit key words or phrases because they misunderstand how one phrase is balanced against another. In constructing sentences with parallel structure, think of the two parallel elements as figures on a seesaw, and the connecting word or phrase as the fulcrum, then check whether the elements on either side of the fulcrum are equally balanced: 1. â€Å"We often pay more attention to them than our own children.† This ambiguous sentence means either that we pay more attention to something than we do to our children, or that we pay more attention to something than our children do. This slight revision reflects that the writer meant the former choice. (â€Å"We pay more attention to them† is balanced against â€Å"[we pay attention)] to our own children.†): â€Å"We often pay more attention to them than [we pay] to our own children.† 2. â€Å"His version is created not with brush and ink, but countless Lego blocks.† The parallel phrases in this sentence, balanced by the fulcrum but, are not â€Å"with brush and ink† and â€Å"countless Lego blocks,† but â€Å"brush and ink† and â€Å"countless Lego blocks,† so repeat with: â€Å"His version is created not with brush and ink, but with countless Lego blocks.† 3. â€Å"The story here is not one of privacy infringement so much as the way real estate is changing because of technology.† The fulcrum in this sentence is â€Å"so much as,† and the phrase â€Å"is not one of privacy infringement† must be balanced against one that starts with the same verb: â€Å"The story here is not one of privacy infringement so much as it is the way real estate is changing because of technology.† 4. â€Å"The rainwater boon isn’t so much about taste as reliability in a region where hundreds of wells dried up in the last drought.† This sentence has the same fulcrum as the previous example does, but notice how the sentence reads more smoothly and has more impact because of the inversion of the constituent phrases: â€Å"In a region where hundreds of wells dried up in the last drought, the rainwater boon isn’t so much about taste as it is about reliability.† 5. â€Å"They protect consumers from purchasing products that are not effective or even dangerous.† Without the repetition of the phrase â€Å"that are,† this sentence crashes to a halt with the false parallel terms effective or dangerous. Omit the first word and the fulcrum from the equation, and the resulting sentence, â€Å"They protect consumers from purchasing products that are not even dangerous,† does not retain the meaning. The point about dangerous products needs a complete phrase: â€Å"They protect consumers from purchasing products that are not effective or that are even dangerous.† 6. â€Å"They believe in cultural and racial diversity, but not diversity of opinions.† Take away the first phrase, and you’re left with an omission in â€Å"They (don’t) believe diversity of opinions,† so the preposition in must accompany both phrases: â€Å"They believe in cultural and racial diversity, but not in diversity of opinions.† 7. â€Å"Thanks for your generous assistance and support of these books.† If â€Å"and support† is omitted, the phrase â€Å"assistance of these books† stands out as faulty, so repair the error with one of these two options: â€Å"Thanks for your generous assistance with and support of these books,† or â€Å"Thanks for your generous assistance and for your support of these books.† Better yet, perhaps, is â€Å"Thanks for your generous assistance in supporting these books.† 8. Beagles rely on their acute sense of smell to chase their quarry and alert hunters with their high-pitched barks. Beagles rely on smell to chase their quarry and alert the hunters? No. Their smelling and their barking are two parallel attributes. This sentence requires two independent clauses with parallel subjects: â€Å"Beagles rely on their acute sense of smell to chase their quarry, and they alert hunters with their high-pitched barks.† (A fulcrum assisted by a â€Å"not only . . . but also† phrase might seem useful at first glance, but that revision alters the writer’s intent.) 9. â€Å"Those who clashed with the color scheme were getting fired or relegated to the stockroom.† Without a balance to either side of or, the sentence implies that people were getting fired to the stockroom or relegated to the stockroom. Repeating the verb clarifies that only the second option involved the stockroom: â€Å"Those who clashed with the color scheme were getting fired or were relegated to the stockroom.† 10. â€Å"Families have been leaving the city not so much because of the form housing takes but its price tag.† The parallel phrases here are (or should be) â€Å"because of the form housing takes† and â€Å"because of its price tag.† Without the following fix to the second phrase, the reader trips into a prose pothole: â€Å"Families have been leaving the city not so much because of the form housing takes but because of but its price tag.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of AdjectivesDriver License vs. Driver’s License50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses